The Subjunctive Mood
Сослагательное наклонение выражает желаемое или предполагаемое действие
1 Types of conditional sentences
| В главном предложении | В придаточном предложении | Тип предложения |
| Shall/ will/can/may/might+ infinitive (without to) You will need a visa We can go for a walk | If + Present Simple/ Present Continuous/ Present Perfect if you are going abroad. If it stops raining. | Type I Real future |
| Would/could/might+ indefinite infinitive (without to) I wouldn’t worry | If+ Past Simple/ Past Continuous If they kept in touch with me. | Type II Unreal present or Future |
| Would/could/might+have+ParticipleII I would have done it long ago | If+ Past Perfect/ Past Perfect Continuous If I had had time. | Type III Unreal past |
| a)Shall/ will/can/may/might+ infinitive (without to) They will be tired out now b)Would/could/might+have+ParticipleII I would have invited her c)Would/could/might+ indefinite infinitive (without to) She would be going on holiday | If+ Past Simple/ Past Continuous If they were playing all day. If+ Past Simple/ Past Continuous If I were you. If+ Past Perfect/ Past Perfect Continuous If she had saved her money. | Mixed Conditionals |
2 В придаточных предложениях после конструкций
| It is necessary необходимо It is requiredжелательно и т.д. | |||
| It is(was) + advisable + that... (should) + infinitive (without to) | |||
| It is(was) | necessary advisable required demanded important desirable suggested ordered only right curious funny good (better, best) cruel shameful a happy coincidence considered strange recommended It becomes (became) a custom It seems (seemed) to me prophetic How wonderful What a shame How strange | I That he She We You they | (should) comein time. (Should) read this book |
3. that + subject + (should) +Infinitive(without to)
В придаточных дополнительных предложениях после глаголов:
| advise insist ask recommend arrange propose command suggest beg request demand desire decide agree order require |
/ suggest(ed) that he should do it himself. or: / suggest(ed) that he do it himself.
4. В придаточных дополнительных предложениях после глагола wish (как жаль, что; хотелось бы) или словосочетания if only (если бы).
| Impossible wish about the future (wish и would должны иметь разные подлежащие) | a) I wish (if only) + subject + would + Infinitive (without to) I wish my brother would come and visit me. But: I wish I went (or: could go) there myself |
| Wish about the present | b)I wish (if only) + Past Simple(we want a present situation to be different) I wish you worked here. I wish (if only) + could + Infinitive (without to) – lack of ability I wish I could drive a car. |
| Wish about the past | c) I wish (if only) + Past Perfect I wish I had given him my telephone number.(I didn't do it) |
| После выражения It's (high) time. После союзов: as if, as though, lest; После словосочетаний you had better you would rather | It's time you knew it. He looked as if he had had a good rest. I'd better do it myself. I'd rather you stayed at home. |
• Условие обычно вводится союзами if, unless (= if not обычно используется с 1-м типом). Вместо "if" можно использовать: providing, provided (that), as long as, in case, on condition (that), but for (= without), otherwise, or else, what if, supposing, even if, only if.
If you don't reserve a ticket, you won't get a seat.
Unless you reserve a ticket, you won't get a seat, (not: Unless you don't reserve...)
Yоu will get a seat providing/provided (that)/ as long as /only if you reserve a ticket.
Only if you reserve a ticket, will you get a seat.(Когда предложение начинаем с "only if", в главном предложении (result clause) меняем местами подлежащее и сказуемое.)
- Будущие времена обычно не употребляются в придаточных предложениях условия (if-clauses).
Unless you leave early, you will be late.
If you pay, you will get a receipt.
- Мы можем употребить will, would, should в придаточных предложениях условия, чтобы выразить просьбу, раздражение, сомнение, неуверенность
If you will/ would calm down for a minute, I will be able to help you. (request - Will you please calm down?)
If you will make a noise, I'll send you out. (insistence - If you insist on making a noise...)
If you should need any help, ask me. (uncertainty -1 am not sure you will need help.)
• Мы не можем опустить "if". Если мы опускаем if - should, were and had (Past Perfect) – перед подлежащим
If he should turn up, tell him to wait for me. Should he turn up, tell him to wait for me.
If I were you, / would speak to her. Were I you, I would speak to her.
- После "if" мы обычно употребляем were вместо was во всех лицах во 2-м типе. Was- в разговорном английском. If I were/was you, I wouldn't buy such an expensive dress.
Sentences and clauses of implied condition
1. The form should/would + infinitive is used in simple sentences with an adverbial modifier of condition introduced by but for, except for (если бы не...) which imply an unreal condition with an opposite meaning:
But for luck he would be still living alone. - Если бы не удача, он бы все еще жил в одиночестве.
The implication is: if it had not been for luck, he would be still living alone.
These people would long ago have been forgotten, but for the artist's genius.
2. As stated above a condition may be implied by the preceding or following sentence or coordinated clause:
- What would you do if you had money? - Oh, I should do many things!
This was the sort of thing he would have liked to explain to someone, only no one wanted to hear.
(If anyone had wanted to hear, he would have explained this sort of thing to them.)
