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Men love their country, not because it is great, but because it is their own ,,,.

Russia


Russia is the largest country in the world. Moscow is capital of Russia and one of the biggest cities in the world, there is a population of about 12 million people. Russia is a multinational country, and while the Russians make up the main part of population, there are over 160 nationalities living in various regions of the country. the country's population of about 150 million people.
Russia border with eighteen countries, including two partially recognized, and two unrecognized:
Our country stretches across 10,000 km, and there are eleven time zones in Russia, thats why when it is almost midnight in Yakutsk its only noon in Kaliningrad.
The Russian Federation is rich in natural and mineral resources. It has deposits of oil, gas, iron, gold, silver and many others
Russia has a very varied terrain. there many rivers and lakes, mountains and plains
In Russia many miracles.
The Volga is considered to be the longest river in Europe. It flows into the Caspian Sea the largest lake.

Lake Baikal is the deepest lake in the world.(about 1642 meters).
Elbrus (5642 meters above sea level) - the highest mountain in Russia and Europe, part of the list of the highest peaks of the planet's "Seven Summits".
Russia is washed by the waters of the Pacific, the Atlantic and Arctic oceans and twelve seas.

Russia has a very rich culture of art.

Everyone knows the names of Tchaikovsky, Glinka, Rimsky-Korsakov.
Tolstoy, Lermontov, Pushkin are the most famous Russian authors. For example, Alexander Pushkin is the author of more than 700 lyrical poems.

Russia - a federal republic of presidential type

the Constitution is basic law.

Russia - a country with a federal system. In the Russian Federation 85 equal subjects of the federation, including 22 republics, 9 territories, 46 regions, 3 cities of federal significance, 1 autonomous region, 4 autonomous districts.

Men love their country, not because it is great, but because it is their own ,,,.

 

 

2 Family


My name is Timur. I am 18 years old.
I was born in the Stavropol Territory in the city of Mineralnye Vody.
I am the only child in the family and it is a cause for concern.
From early childhood I did not like to sit at home. I led an active lifestyle.
I had many hobbies: table tennis, hiking, orienteering, rope access, athletics, cycling, photography.
I have a gold badge of GTO and a certificate of lifesaver.
Scale of my hobbies was growing up and I was interesting in travel. I travel of Russia about 2 years.

In this time period I saw a lot of new places, I visited a lot of mountains and other natural monument.
I talked with many people who have helped me to change and become better.
I think this is just the beginning. I will continue.

Over the years of traveling I realized that i don't get the pleasure of everyday life.
I feel empty in my life when there is no movement.
Now I'm looking for the goal of my life. it is not associated with money, but it will change my mind.
My dream to go on a trip around the world and find himself.
My parents brought me up that way. I love them for it
My mother is a teacher, and my father a store manager.
I have a very nice and friendly family. I have 2 cats the size of a small dog. They like plush toys.
We have a small house and land. House stands near the forest
We live in a great place, around a lot of mountain resorts and cities of resorts. It place is the center of tourism in the Stavropol Territory.
I am a technologist engineer in Krasnodar in KubSTU and i come home only on holidays.
I spend this days with my family.
I go in the old places and remember the past.
Education and work requires a lot of time and effort. So I want to relax and enjoy good with my family.


3

Who works well, the rest is good.
I am student KubSTU on a specialty constructor engineer, also I work in a scientific production enterprise.. It takes a lot of time and effort.
Of course I love rest to gain strength and energy, but I have my personal opinion about the rest.
Rest is when you do something that you want, and even if you're even more tired.
After university or work, I like to ride a bike in the Krasnodar, especially at night when the streets empty. I love to jump on the bike and drive fast. I get the adrenaline.
I love taking pictures of people, landscapes and architecture.

on weekends on krasnaya street a lot of interesting event, I often visit them and photography.
I sit at home when the weather is bad. Usially I watch an interesting film, or read a book.
I work in the autocad program and constantly improve my skill,
I study materials for health care, rock climbing, engineering science, because I think that i need to know my job well.
On vacation, I often go on a trip.
First I pack my backpack, which usually weighs about 20 kilograms and I go to a place which I would like to visit.
I want to go to Karelia in spring, and in the Crimea in summer.
These dreams helped me to overcome the difficulties, because the journey is what makes me better. It is my goal.
In traveling, I often meet people who help me to gain new knowledge, new ideas and goals. I am very grateful to them.
I always want to go to new places, because the place where I was, not giving me anything new.
Sitting in one place, I feel the emptiness, this is very bad for me.
I looking for the goal that will make me happy and then all my life will be easy.

 

I study in the Kuban State Technology University.
I am an engineer technologist and I work in the research and production enterprise.
I study technical subjects at university, for example, technical drawing, mechanics, physics, mathematics, special subjects and humanities: English, psychology and philosophy.
I work in the autocad program and constantly improve my skill,
I study materials for engineering science, because I think that i need to know my job well.

All of these subjects provide theoretical knowledge.
This is the basic knowledge necessary to become an expert

Fortunately, I got a job on my specialty, where I can get practical knowledge.
I do TIG welding and work on the grinding machine, and constantly improve their knowledge
I study other machines and learning to work for them.
I am engaged in scientific work.
I have developed a project with titanium-gold alloy for waterjet cutting.
and I continue to do it.
I feel that I think as an engineer.
my future profession will change my life and my thoughts.
After graduating, I will continue to learn
I want to become an expert in my field.
i must work hard to make my dream become real

 

5 ()

 


Ecology problems

 

Since ancient times Nature has served man, being the source of his life. For thousands of years people lived in harmony with environment and they thought that natural riches were unlimited. But with the development of civilization mans interference in nature began to increase.

Every year world industry pollutes the atmosphere with about 1000 million tons of dust and other things. As a result some rare species of animals, birds, fish and plants disappear forever. Many cities suffer from smog.

Large cities with thousands of smoky industrial enterprises appear all over the world today. The by-products of their activity pollute the air we breathe, the water we drink, the land we grow vegetables.

The pollution of air and the worlds ocean, destruction of the ozone layer is the result of mans careless interaction with nature. Environmental protection is of a universal concern. That is why serious measures to create a system of ecological security should be taken.

Some progress has been already made in this direction. As many as 159 countries - members of the UNO - have set up environmental protection agencies. Numerous conferences have been held by these agencies to discuss problems facing ecologically poor regions including the Aral Sea, the South Urals, Kuzbass, Donbass, Semipalatinsk and Chernobyl. An international environmental research centre has been set up on Lake Baikal. The international organization Greenpeace is also doing much to preserve the environment.

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Air pollution and smog are the problems of modern cities
The word smog comes from smoke and fog. Smog is a sort of fog with other substances mixed in. Smog has been here a long time. Billions of years ago, volcanoes sent millions of tons of ash and smoke into the air. Winds whipped up dust clouds. Animal and vegetable matter decayed, adding polluting gases.
When people came along, they began to produce their own kind of air pollution. They discovered fire. In the Middle Ages, people in cities such as London used soft coal to heat their homes. The smoke from these fires, combined with moisture in the air, produced dense lavers of smog. The smog would blanket the city for days, particularly in winter. The heat generated in large cities tends to circulate air within a dome-like shape. This traps the smog and holds it over the city.
Smog, and the chemicals and other substances in it, can be harmful, even deadly. Smog blurs vision. It irritates the eyes, the throat, and the lungs. Eyes water, throats get sore, people cough. Smog can make people ill. And it can make sick people sicker. Air pollution has been linked to eczema, asthma, emphysema, cardiovascular difficulties, and lung and stomach cancer. It also has a harmful effect on the environment. Food crops and animals suffer. Paint may peel from houses. It is obvious that we must do everything possible to reduce man-made atmospheric pollutants and smog.
Smog, along with smoke, is the most visible evidence of atmospheric pollution. But some atmospheric pollution is not visible and may not become visible until it is mixed with moisture. Lead compounds from leaded gasoline, hydrocarbons (unburned gasoline), carbon monoxide, and other gases may pollute the air without being seen. All air is polluted to some extent. That is, all air carries some polluting substances. Much of it is natural: smoke and ash from volcanoes, dust stirred up by the wind, compounds given off by growing vegetation, gases given off by rotting animal and vegetable matter, salt particles from the oceans, and so on.
Man adds to these pollutants by burning coal, oil, gas, gasoline, and many other things.
Before we get to the automobile, however, let us review what we know about combustion. Most fuels, such as coal, gasoline, and wood, contain hydrogen and carbon in various chemical combinations. During combustion oxygen unites with the hydrogen and carbon to form water, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide.
In addition, many fuels contain sulfur; this burns to produce sulfur oxides. Also, in the heat of combustion, some of the nitrogen in the air combines with oxygen to form nitrogen oxides. Some of the fuel may not burn completely, so that smoke and ash are formed. Smoke is simply particles of unburned fuel and soot, called particulates, mixed with air.
Altogether, it is estimated that 200 million tons of man-made pollutants enter the air every year in the United States alone. This is about a ton for every man, woman, and child in the country!
This man-made pollution is what clean-air laws are aimed at.
Consider Los Angeles a large city set in basin with about 7,000,000 inhabitants. It is surrounded on three sides by mountains and on the fourth by the Pacific Ocean. When the wind blows out over the ocean, it sweeps away pollutants. But at other times, the air is stagnant. Smoke and other pollutants from industry and automobiles do not blow away. They just build up into a thick, smelly, foggy layer of smog. The location of Los Angeles, plus all the people and industry there, make it one of the biggest smog centers in the country. And it is Los Angeles which has led in measures to reduce smog.
Los Angeles has banned unrestricted burning, for example, burning trash. Incinerators without controls were outlawed. Industry was forces to change combustion processes and add controls to reduce pollutants coming from their chimneys. Laws were passed that required the addition of emission controls on automobiles. All these measures have significantly reduced atmospheric

Consider Los Angeles a large city set in basin with about 7,000,000 inhabitants. It is surrounded on three sides by mountains and on the fourth by the Pacific Ocean. When the wind blows out over the ocean, it sweeps away pollutants. But at other times, the air is stagnant. Smoke and other pollutants from industry and automobiles do not blow away. They just build up into a thick, smelly, foggy layer of smog. The location of Los Angeles, plus all the people and industry there, make it one of the biggest smog centers in the country. And it is Los Angeles which has led in measures to reduce smog.
Los Angeles has banned unrestricted burning, for example, burning trash. Incinerators without controls were outlawed. Industry was forces to change combustion processes and add controls to reduce pollutants coming from their chimneys. Laws were passed that required the addition of emission controls on automobiles. All these measures have significantly reduced atmospheric pollution in the Los Angeles area.
If not controlled, the automobile can give off pollutants from four places. Pollutants can come from the fuel tank, the carburetor, the crank-case, and the tail pipe. Pollutants fro the fuel tank and carburetor consist of gasoline vapors. Pollutants from the crankcase consist of partly burned air-fuel mixture that has blown by the piston rings. Pollutants from the tail pipe consist of partly burned gasoline, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, and- if there is sulfur in the gasoline sulfur oxides

 

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7 The USA

The United States of America is the fourth largest country in the world.
It occupies the southern part of North America and stretches from the Pacific to the Atlantic Ocean. It also includes Alaska in the north and Hawaii in the Pacific Ocean. The total area of the country is about nine and a half million square kilometres. The USA borders on Canada in the north and on Mexico in the south. It also has a seaboarder with Russia.

The USA is made up of 50 states and the District of Columbia where the capital of the country, Washington, is situated. The population of the country is about 250 million.
If we look at the map of the USA, we can see lowlands and mountains. The highest mountains are the Rocky Mountains, the Cordillera, and the Sierra Nevada. The highest peak is Mount McKinley, which is located in Alaska.
America's largest rivers are the Mississippi, the Missouri, the Rio Grande, and the Columbia. The Great Lakes on the border with Canada are the largest and deepest in the USA.
The USA is a highly developed industrial country. It is the leading producer of copper, oil iron ore and coal. On the industrial enterprises of the country they produce aircrafts, cars, textiles, radio and television sets, weapon, furniture, and paper.
The Americans are made up from nearly all races and nations, including the Chinese and the native Americans Indians.
The largest cities are New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, Philadelphia, Detroit, San Francisco, and others.
The United States is a federal republic consisting of 50 states, each of which has its own government.
The powers of the government are divided into 3 branches: the executive, headed by the President, the legislative, exercised by the Congress, and the juridical. There are two main political parties in the USA: the Republican and the Democratic.

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8

 

Moscow is the capital of the Russian Federation. The first reference to Moscow dates from 1147.

The capital of Russia is located on the Moskva River in the European part of the country. The area of Moscow is about 2,511 square kilometers. The city is divided into 12 administrative districts. The population of the capital is about 12 million people.

There are five airports, nine railway stations and three river ports at the disposal of Moscow. The Moscow Metro has been working since 1935. It is believed that Moscow metro is the most beautiful underground in the world.

Moscow - the largest financial center, an international business center and the control center of a large part of the economy.
Moscow has about half of the banks in Russia.
Moscow is one of the most beautiful cities in the world.
Many people do not know that the length of all streets in this city put together is more than 4350 kilometers.
Ostankino Tower is deemed to be the highest in Europe (540 meters), but it takes the 8th place in the world.

The heart of Moscow is Red Square with the Kremlin and St Basil's Cathedral which are the masterpieces of ancient Russian architecture. The Spasskaya Tower has become the symbol of the country. On the territory of the Kremlin old cathedrals, the Ivan the Great Bell Tower, the Tsar Cannon and the Tsar Bell can be visited.

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The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles. The British Isles consist of two large islands, Great Britain and Ireland, and above five thousand small islands. Their total area is over 315 000 square kilometers. The United Kingdom is made up of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Their capitals are London, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast respectively.

The UK has a very varied terrain. Ben Nevis is the highest mountain. (1343 m.)

There are a lot of rivers in GB, but they are not very long. The Severn is the longest river, while the Thames is the deepest and the most important one.

The UK is one of the worlds smallest countries. The population of the country is over 87 million. The UK is highly developed industrial country. Its known as one of worlds largest producers and exporters of machinery, electronics, textile, aircraft and navigation equipment.

The UK is constitutional monarchy. In law, the Head of State is the Queen, but in p ractice, the Queen reigns, but does not rule. The country is ruled by the elected government with the Prime Minister at the head. The British Parliament consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons.

There are three main political parties in Great Britain: the Labour, the Conservative and the Liberal parties. The Liberal party is the ruling party nowadays

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Krasnodar is the capital of Krasnodar Territory. City on the Kuban River. It is located to the east of the Black Sea. Krasnodar population is about 1 million, land area - 192 sq. km.

 

The city was founded in 1794, by Cossacks upon orders from Catherine II and it was their administrative centre and called Ekaterinodar (Yekaterinodar). also it was military centre and protected Russia's Caucasian frontier. After the October Revolution, Yekaterinodar was renamed Krasnodar in 1920. In the first half of the 19th century Yekaterinodar became a busy center of the Kuban Cossacks.

 

Krasnodar - one of the largest economic centers of the world. In the City 600.

The city's industrial complex has more than 130 large and medium-sized enterprises,

Krasnodar - a major transport hub in the south of Russia. There are railways, two federal highways, airport cargo port and river.


Krasnodar is a scientific center, too. There are more than 20 universities.

in the city a lot of beautiful places.

There is

libraries, theaters, museums, exhibitions.

many parks

also monuments of art and architectural buildings, historical monuments


For example the most beautiful place of Krasnodar is Krasnaya Street. Many sights of Krasnodar are situated there. In the beginning of this street you can see the Central Concert Hall; at the other end - the Avrora cinemacentre. A "Triumphal Arch" is in the middle of Krasnaya Street. On the Theater Square you can see the largest splash fountain in Europe. Many historic buildings are situated there, several of them are from the 19th century. A lot of buildings have been restored or reconstructed, and this district is a popular tourist attraction now. Major theater venues of Krasnodar are:

 

The Krasnodar State Academic Drama Theater

The Krasnodar Regional Puppet Theater

The Krasnodar Musical Theater

The Krasnodar Philharmonic named after Ponomarenko

The state creative institution "Kuban Cossack Choir".

Krasnodar has several major museums:

 

The Krasnodar Regional Art Museum named after Kovalenko (the oldest public art museum of North Caucasus):

Historical and archaeological museum-reserve of E. D. Felytsyn

Kuban postal museum

Krasnodar art exhibition hall

Museum of military technologies

Kuban literary museum

There are a lot of old and new monuments in Krasnodar:

The Zaporozhye Cossacks write the letter to the Turkish sultan

Monument in honor of Kuban Cossack army

Alexanders Arch of Triumph

The monument to atamans (the founders of Kuban Territory)

 

Krasnodar is a scientific center too. Here there are more than 20 universities. The oldest and the most authoritative are:

Kuban (Krasnodar) State University

Kuban (Krasnodar) State Medical University

Kuban (Krasnodar) State University of Physical Education, Sport and Tourism

Kuban (Krasnodar) State Agrarian University

Kuban (Krasnodar) State Technological University

Kuban (Krasnodar) State Culture and Art University.

 



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