- , 27 . , 26 , 9 , , 90. ( .) 90 : 90.
(, , , , , ). : . , , , , , .
. , . , (, N= 43 252 003 274 489 856 000), . , , : 26 , 12N = 529 024 039 393 878 272 000 . [1]
, , . .. , . , . , .. , , , . .
1974 30- , , , . , , , . , .
1975 .
1977 . " ". - .
1980 . 'Ideal Toy Corporation' 1 . . 100 . 15 () Sam Loyd, 1870- , $1000, , . . 60 . 8-10 . , , ,
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1981 - (New York Museum of Modern Art). , . 1982 . .
1980 . , , , , , . , , . 4,50, , 10, 20 . , . , 1982 " " , . " " 1982 . . 22,85 .
1983-1984 (Rubik, the Amazing Cube), - . . , .
, , , .
1991
1996 300 , 100
2006 5 . . 2007 - 9. ! [2]
, .
, . ( ) .
, , . , . , . , ( ) , , 90 , 90 A-1. -1-1-1 = 2 = -2, 2 = = -2= -1 -1.
, , . . ( , ) .
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, . , . . [1]
.
( ), , :
I. ;
II. , , , , ( ) ;
III. , , .[1]
, , : , , - , . , - . , , .
. , . , : , , , . , : . : ( ) .
, . , .
1: .
, . (. 1).
F, A B . 1 2:
K=D-1F-1DF ( 1)
K=DAD-1A-1 ( 1)
K=AD-1A-1DAD-1A-1 ( 1)
K=(B-1DBD-1)(B-1DB) ( 1)
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K=(F-1DDF)(D-1F-1DF) ( 1)
K=EAE-1A-1 ( 1)
K=E-1B-1EB ( 1)
K=F-1DDF ( 1)
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1
1
1
1
1
1
2: - ( 4).
, 1 2
K1=(D-1B-1DB)(DAD-1A-1)( (. 2))
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K2=(DAD-1A-1)(D-1B-1DB)( (. 3))