(). , - . , , , .
, , , , : happy () - unhappy () - happiness () - happily (); help () - helper () - helpful () - helpless ().
() :
1. , , , :
| re- | to construct () - to reconstruct (), to read () - to reread (), to write () - to rewrite () |
2. , :
| un- dis- de- anti- counter- contra- | to dress () - to undress (), to tie () - to untie () to appear () - to disappear () formation () - deformation () fascist () - anti-fascist () attack () - counterattack () to contradict (, ) |
3. , :
| a- ab- un- im- in- ir- il- dis- mis- non- | amoral (, ) absent (), abnormal () kind () - unkind () possible () - impossible () ability () - inability () regular () - irregular () legal () - illegal () honest () - dishonest (), to understand () - to misunderstand ( ) interference () - non-interference () | ! NOTE! , i , : il + l, ir + r, im + b, m, p. |
4. , , , :
| over- super- ultra- extra- | to pay () - to overpay () human () - superhuman () short () - ultra-short () extraordinary () |
5. , :
| - inter- | existence () - co-existence () national () - international () |
6. ,
) :
| - fore- | war () - pre-war (), historic () - prehistoric () to foresee () |
) :
| post- | war (,) - post-war (), revolutionary () - post-revolutionary () |
|
|
|
) , -:
| under- | to pay () - to underpay ( , .. , ), production () - underproduction () |
) :
| sub- | division () - subdivision (), committee (, ) - subcommittee () |
) , :
| ex- | champion () - ex-champion ( ) |
) -, -
| auto- | autobiography (), automatic () |
) -
| semi- | semifinal (), semicircle () |
) -, -
| trans- | transatlantic () |
) , ,
| up- | upstairs ( ), upside ( ), to uproot ( ) |
) , ,
| bi- | bilingual (), bi-monthly ( ) |
)
| bibli(o)- | bibliography () |
)
| bio- | biography () |
)
| by- | by-street (, ) |
) -, -, -
| multi- poly- | multicolored (), multimillionaire () polyglot (), polytechnic () |
)
| by- | by-street (, ) |
7. , :
| en- | large () - to enlarge (, ), danger () - to endanger ( ), force () - to enforce (, ) |
:
1. ,
) :
| -ist -an, -ian | Communist (), Marxist (}, materialist (); artist (), typist (), pianist (), historian (), librarian (), musician (); Russian (), Bulgarian () |
2. , , , :
| -ism | marxism (), heroism () |
3. , , :
| -, -or -ee, -eer | to teach () - teacher (), to direct () - director () employee (), refugee (, ), auctioneer (), |
4. , :
| -ment -ade | achievement (), agreement (), government () lemonade (), blockade () |
5. ,
) :
| -hood -ship -cy, -acy | brotherhood (), childhood (), manhood () dictatorship (), friendship (), leadership () accuracy (), infancy (), supremacy () |
) , :
| -age -ing -ence -ance -ion, -tion -ition, -ation -sion -al | shortage (), marriage (, ), voyage () hunting (), crossing (, ), living () silence (), difference () importance (), resistance () collection (, ), dictation (, ) competition (), hesitation (, ) decision () removal (), arrival (), refusal (), approval () |
|
|
|
) :
| -dom -ness -ty | freedom (), kingdom (), wisdom () coldness (), darkness (), kindness (), weakness () activity (), safety () |
) ,
| -ery | bakery (), surgery ( ), cookery (), slavery () |
) ,
| -ics | physics (), politics () |
:
1. , :
| -ese -ish | Chinese (, ), Japanese (, ) Pole () - Polish (), Scott () - Scottish () red () - reddish (), child () - childish (, ) |
2., :
| -ive -ent -ant | to act () - active (), to talk () talkative () to differ () - different (), to insist () - insistent () to observe (, ) - observant (, ) |
3. ,
, :
| -ic -al -ful -ous - | base () - basic (), economy () - economic () centre () - central () culture () - cultural (), beauty () - beautiful () peace () - peaceful (), fame () - famous () cloud () - cloudy (), sun () - sunny () |
4. ,
) , :
| -r - | element () - elementary () illusion () - illusory (, ) |
) - , , :
| -able - ible | to change () - changeable () to eat () - eatable (), reason () - reasonable () |
) :
| -less | useless (), windless () |
:
| -ate -en -fy, -ify -ize, -ise | active () - to activate () short () - to shorten () pure () - to purify (), simple () - to simplify () character () - to characterize () |
,
) , - , :
| -ly | bad () - badly (), part () - partly (), first () - firstly (-) |
) ( ):
| -wards -ward | North () - northward(s) ( , ), after () - afterwards (, , ), back (, ) - backward(s) (, ) home (, ) - homeward ( , ) |
NOTE! , . . . : telegram (), orchestra (), concert () . .
WORD-BUILDING (exercises)
Ex. 1. , :
|
|
|
Untrue, prehistoric, ultramodern, postwar, ex-champion, anti-body, decompose, decode, deform, depart, discover, disappearance, reread, reconstruct, coauthor, unequal, misunderstand, undress, disarm, anti-fascist, cooperation, co-existence, interaction, superhuman, ultra-violet.
Ex. 2. , . :
Achievement - achieve, resistance - resistant, assistance - assist - assistant, celebration - celebrate, difference - different, city - citizen, nation - national - nationality, measure - measurement, develop - development, act - active - activity, contain - container, discover - discovery - discoverer, literature - literary, graduate - graduation - undergraduate - post-graduate, educate - education, progress - progressive, act - action - activity - active, govern - governor - government.
Ex. . - - or. :
To lead, to write, to read, to visit, to speak, to sleep, to act, to direct, to conduct, to drive, to fight, to mine, to report, to sing, to skate, to swim, to teach, to travel, to sail, to invent, to found, to compose.
Ex. 4. -ist, -ism, -ian. :
Special, social, art, capital, economy, international, piano, technic, mathematics, statistics, politics, music, electric, Russia, Hungary, Canada, India.
Ex. 5. -ment. :
Develop, achieve, move, arrange, treat, state, improve, agree, equip, govern, require, measure, announce, pave.
Ex. 6. - ful -less, :
Beauty, thank, hope, doubt, care, aim, use, shape, fruit, power, thought, harm, colour.
Ex. 7. - able, -ible, :
Change, convert, prevent, break, compare, desire, profit, read, comfort, respect, expect.
Ex. 8. , :
British, foolish, understandable, heartless, pitiless, successful, experiment, function, musician, socialist, artist, capitalism, professional, fundamental, industrial, doubtful, useful, different, treatment, creative, attractive, peaceful, dangerous, elementary, childish, active, economic, director, worker, passage, marriage, silence, freedom, kingdom.
Ex. 9. - en:
Red, tight, soft, deep, short, dark, bright, weak, black, white, sweet, sharp, strength.
Ex. 10. -1 :
Bad, first, part, quick, strong, short, silent, rapid, wide, extreme, cruel, kind, happy.
Ex. 11. . :
Turn, smile, smoke, snow, start, stay, step, stop, study, talk, visit, rest, air, paper, cover, handle, cause, watch, act, address, answer, brush, clean, cross, crowd, wave, wish, work, dance, doubt, dress, end, fight, help, hope, joke, laugh, lift, light, love, mind, paper, pencil, place, plan, play, post, reply, report, return, sail, show.
Ex. 12. . . , :
React, reaction, reactor, reactivity; science, scientific, scientist; industry, industrial, industrious; cold, coldly, coldness; dark, darkness, darken; happy, happily, happiness, unhappy; equal, equally, unequal, equality; free, freedom, freely; attention, attentive, attentively; sun, sunny, sunless; care, careful, careless, carefully, carelessness; to differ, different, difference, indifferent; England, English, Englishman; fame, famous.
|
|
|
Ex. 13. :
Airport, armchair, bathroom, bedroom, bookcase, bookshelf, classroom, custom-house, dining-room, drawing-room, fireplace, folksong, gentleman, hairbrush, icebox, newspaper, notebook, postcard, post-office, raincoat, sportsman, sunshine, writing-table.
Ex. 14. , . :
An accent - to accent, a contract - to contract, a content - to content, a contest - to contest, a convoy - to convoy, a convict - to convict, a perfect - to perfect, a record - to record.
Ex. 15. , :
1. works as a teacher. 2. I saw one of his works at the exhibition. 3. I was waiting for your report. 4. They report the results of their experiment every Monday. 5. His report contains some of his thoughts about the experiment. 6. Youll make progress if you work hard. 7. He thought about his new work. 8. I have a present for you. 9. I am busy at present. 10. He presented me with a book.
Ex. 16. . . . :
Powerful, inventor, high-quality, network, demoralize, profitable, dislike, disagree, movement, shorten, incorrect, electricity, fruitful, fruitless, happiness, dangerous, noisy, sunny, rainy, badly, strongly, reading, teaching, rebuild, retell, leader, teacher, unhappy, unusual, translation, cooperation, schoolboy, icebreaker.
Ex. 17. , .
: A machine for drying hair hair drier.
1. A thing for opening tins -.... 2. A machine for playing records -.... 3. A machine for mixing food -.... 4. A thing that times eggs (when they are boiling) -.... 5. Things for warming peoples legs -.... 6. Stuff that kills flies -.... 7. A liquid that removes paint -.... 8. A tool that opens bottles -.... 9. A thing for peeling potatoes -.... 10. A liquid for removing eye makeup -.... 11. Stuff for freshening the air -....
Ex. 18. + + (! )
: a walk lasting for three miles a three-mile walk.
1. A girl who has just celebrated her sixteenth birthday -.... 2. A flight lasting for ten hours -.... 3. A note that is worth twenty pounds -.... 4. A language course that lasts four weeks -.... 5. A drive that takes three hours -.... 6. A meal that consists of three courses -.... 7. A holiday that lasts two weeks -.... 8. A delay at the airport that went on for two hours -.... 9. A letter that goes on for ten pages -.... 10. A university course that takes three years -.... 11. A prison sentence of ten years -.... 12. A hotel with five stars -.... 13. A speed limit of 30 miles an hour -.... 14. A house that was built two hundred years ago -....
Ex. 19. : 1) , 2) , 3) :
Obstinate, unspoilt, hand-made, waterproof, easy-going, breathtaking, aggressive, deserted, overgrown, overcrowded, cunning, picturesque, arrogant, long-lasting, spoilt, automatic, accurate, artificial.
Ex. 20. .
1. I know Jim Kerry is very popular but I find him totally childish / childlike. 2. I couldnt work out whom the letter was from. The signature was childish / childlike. 3. Sarah is so childish / childlike. She always plays trick on her friends. 4. It was wonderful to watch the tiny lambs playing. I got such childish / childlike pleasure from the experience. 5. Sophie is extremely sensitive / sensible at the moment. Anything you say seems to upset her. 6. Karen is not a very sensitive / sensible person. She wore high-heeled shoes for our four-mile walk. 7. Ive never known her to tell a lie. Shes a very true / truthful person. 8. I can never watch sad films that are based on true / truthful a story. They always make me cry. 9. Susan is so intolerable / intolerant of other people. She never accepts anyone elses opinion, and she always thinks she knows best. 10. I find Marks behaviour intolerable / intolerant. Its unfair to be so selfish. 11. Were having an economic / economical crisis at the moment. James has lost his job and I dont know how we are going to pay the rent. 12. Its more economic / economical to drive slowly. You can do a lot more miles to the gallop.
|
|
|
Ex. 21. , , : board, green, paper, book, birthday, blood, rain, site, road, sports, ice, water, day, night, hand, case, sun, bag.
: camp..., building..., bomb... campsite, building site, bomb-site.
1....test,...pressure,...donor. 2....fall,...melon,...skiing. 3....house,...grocer,...salad. 4....club,...mare,...shift. 5. brief..., suit..., book.... 6. paper..., plastic..., shoulder.... 7....bow,...coat,...drop. 8....shine,...rise,...set. 9....works,...sign,...rage. 10. black..., floor..., notice.... 11....light,...break,...dream. 12....shake,...writing,...book. 13....cube,...berg,...rink. 14....cake,...present,...card. 15....scape,...lady,...slide. 16....car,...center,...ground. 17. address..., visitors..., note....
Ex. 22. ( , ).
1. Your coat is on the... (back, chair). 2. Youve just spilt the... (milk, cat). 3. Can you buy some... (paper, toilet). 4. I never listened to my... (advise, parents). 5. Can you buy a... (wine, bottle) to have with supper? 6. What did that... (road, sigh) say? Did you see it? 7. Its such a mess in here. There are empty... (wine, bottles) everywhere. 8. The... (Prime Minister, duties) include entertaining heads of the state. 9. The... (my shoe, heel) has come off. 10. Can I borrow your... (brush, hair)? 11. What happened at the... (film, end)? 12. Here is... (today, news). 13. Where is the nearest... (Metro, station)? 14. Its my... (anniversary, parents, wedding) next week. 15. The... (company, success) is due to its efficiency. 16. Ive got a... (fortnight, holiday) next month. 17. The... (government, economic policy) is confusing. 18. My children go to the local... (school, state). 19. The annual... (rate, inflation) is about 4 percent. 20. Are there any... (coffee, cups) in your bedroom? There are none in the kitchen. 21. Do you want a... (coffee, cup)?
Ex. 22. : advice to advise, use to use, abuse to abuse, belief to believe, relief to relieve, grief grieve, excuse to excuse, breath to breathe, half to halve, house to house, safe to save, bath to bathe.
1. It is my personal... that this man is innocent. 2. Let me listen to your chest. Take a deep... and say Ah. 3. You should put your valuables in the.... 4. Drug... is a terrible problem all over the world. 5. I know it isnt good for my skin, but I love sun.... 6. Ive been so worried about you! Its such a... to see you at last! 7. What are we going to do with this cake? Cut it in two. You take... and Ill take.... 8. Can you show me how to... this new coffee machine? 9. The refugees are... in temporary accommodation. 10. She apologizes for her behavior, and said it was because shed had a busy day, but thats no... for breaking all the plates. 11. People need time to... after the death of someone they love. 12. Take my.... Never marry for money. Marry for love.
Ex. 22. ,
Kind, honest, credible, appear, fair, equal, pleased, continue, fasten, normal, employed, friendly, trust, professional, known, cover, safe, use, probable, important, emotional.
WORD-BUILDING (Test)
1. , . :
Beautiful, function, artist, musician, heartless, economic, worker, badly, act, action, active, basic, fruitless, population, 
movement, historic, democratic, work, daily, literature, picture, organization, friendship, highly, leader, fight, fighter, national, impressive, hopeful, hopeless, beautiful, special, specialist, define, definition, humanism, humanist, humanistic, use, useful, useless.
2. . :
Coauthor, undress, disarm, postwar, illegal, unkind, reconstruct, deformation, prewar, antibody, ex-champion, superhuman, ultrashort.
3. : -al, -ful, -ous, -, -able, -ible, -ic, -less, -ish. .
Reason, beauty, hope, doubt, care, aim, use, desire, boy, success, heart, experiment, form, office, danger, fame, electron, base, nature, cloud, sun, child, Scott, history, home.
4. . , . :
1. Many pupils study English. 2. My grandfather has a large study. 3. Who ruled this country? 4. All sportsmen must obey the rules of the game. 5. The Soviet Union is tied by friendship with India in their work for peace. 6. All peace-loving people work for peace for the whole of mankind.
5. , :
Protection, show, writer, worker, movement, investigation, achievement, statement, reader, department, equipment, construction, organization, reporter, arrival, improvement, conductor, establishment, development, education, definition, regulation, assistance, agreement.
6. . , :
a) Specialist, institute, university, culture, central, national, nation, international, organization, Soviet, minister, nature, natural, traditional, progressive, moral, social, socialist, public, programmer, popular, modern, revolution, revolutionary, final, talent, continent, festival, political, experiment, experimentation, electricity, technical, transformation, system, systematically, practice, practical, seminar, lecture, lecturer, period, historic, history, professor, complex, form, acceleration, instrument, philosopher, idea, basic, fundamental, conceptions, mass, class, element, motor, method, problem, energy, radio, text, material, temperature, progress, television.
b) 1. France and England are European countries. 2. In the evening we like to listen to classical music. 3. We saw a comedy at the Drama Theatre last night. 4. Your train leaves from platform two. 5. This jazz orchestra gave several concerts in our town. 6. In 1610 Galileo constructed the first telescope in the world. 7. This was a dangerous experiment.
7. , ? . :
Ice-hockey, world-wide, bedroom, newspaper, long-term, birthplace, sportsman, apple-pie, peace-loving, schoolchildren, football, highland, television, underground, north-west, sometimes, lowland, landscape, well-known, multinational, network, vice-president.
8. , , .
1. My father is very... (act) even though hes seventy. 2. Ive always wanted to work in the theatre, but... (act) it isnt a very secure profession. 3. I... (hope), well soon find a solution to the problem. 4. Look... (care) to the left and to the right before crossing the road. 5. It was very... (care) of you to lose my watch. 6. I take two... (day) newspapers and three Sunday papers. 7. Youve broken my camera! Look at it! Its... (use)! 8. Thanks for the advice. It was really... (use). 9. I have some very... (noise) neighbours. 10. She became... (fame) as a result of her invention.
