. , . , , , . , , , ().
, , , , , .
. 6.1 , , ( ),
. 6.1.
, . , : , ( , ).
:
P = . (6.1)
, :
= dG + dF. (6.2)
(6.1) P ( , ). , .
, , (6.1) , , , :
P = ( ) + ( ) .
' X ',
P = P' + X '. (6.1)
P' = ( ) , ; X ' = ( ) , . , , . , P' X ' .
, , P', , . , ( ) ( ), . . 1.2, , ( ).
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, . . , ( , ).
(6.2), P' X ' :
P' = dG S + dF G S V F p ;
X ' = dG + dF G V (F F ) p .
(. . 6.1) , ,
P' = G S c + F p G S V F p ; (6.1)
X ' = G (c V ) + F p F p . (6.1)
P' , X ' , .. . p (F F ) , .
(6.1) (6.1) (6.1),
P = G S (c n c V ) + F (p p ) + G (c V ),
n c = G S / G S .
:
P = G S (c n c V ) + F (p p ), (6.3)
X = G (c V ). (6.3)
P = P + X. (6.3)
P X P' X ' p (F F ).
. ( ) , , . , , , , . (6.3), . p = p ,
P = G S (c n c V ). (6.3)
( ). p = p
P = P / G S = c n c V . (6.4)
n , (6.3) (6.4), 1,01 1,04. (. 6, 7, 9 .), (. 8).
. , (6.3), , , .
P (6.3) X( X ') ( (6.3) c < V ) . , , . . , , , .
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. , , . : " " . , , .
(. 6.2), , , P = P P . ( ) P P , , p = p p = p . , (p p ) / 2, : P = (F mid F ) (p p ) / 2 P = (F mid F ) (p p ) / 2. P > P , F > F , :
. 6.2. |
=.
p *= p * l = l ,
F / F =.
, , .
, , , (5.6). , (. 6.3).
. , N II N II :
N II = N II.
; , ,
L II G I = L II G II,
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| . 6.3. : ; ; |
L II = L II m, (6.5)
m = G II/ G I .
L II, 1 , , , II:
i + + LII = i II +,
LII =Lr II +,
Lr II = iII i , (. 6.4).
, , , .
. 6.4. i-s |
LII (6.5), (6.5) (5.6),
L e =+
+ m + Lr II m. (6.6)
(6.6) , . (G II) , Lr II . , = 0 (5.6) L II = 0.
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(6.6) , , ( ) ( ), , . , L e 1 , ( ).
. 6.1, . , , , . . , , , . ; , .
, , . :
m = 0 ;
m = 0,2... 10 ;
m = 15... 20 ;
m = 25... 100 () ();
m = 500... 1000 () .
, , , , .