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' '. 19- -, - . 20- , . 1930 −1940 . - , . - .[4]
1940 , '. , (. Plankalkül) 19431945 , . 19982000 [5].
40- 50- , , . ֳ , , ( 50 ) , . Short Code BINAC (1949) UNIVAC I (1952), Speedcoding IBM 701, 1954.
, 1954 1957 IBM 704. , , . 1958 IBM 704 . 1958 II , , IBM 704 ( 300400 ) . 19601962 IV 1978 77.
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1958 MIT LISP , .
1950- . 1958 ' , SHARE - IBM USE (UNIVAC Scientific Exchange, - UNIVAC) ACM . 1955 (GAMM) . 1958 ACM GAMM, ALGOL 58 Report. 3 MAD (1961), NELIAC (1963), JOVIAL (1963). JOVIAL , ³- . SHARE IBM ALGOL, , .
1959 ALGOL 58 , -. 1960 ALGOL 60 Report. ALGOL , , , , - , '. , IBM ALGOL.
1959 CBL (Common Business Language), , 1960 COBOL 60, ̳ . 1968 COBOL ANSI.
1964 BASIC (Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) , , .
, COBOL, 1963 IBM IBM/360 . 1965 PL/I, , ALGOL COBOL, , 1970- , (PL/C, PL/CS) .
1960- APL SNOBOL.
SIMULA 67 '- .
1965 ͳ ³ ALGOL , ALGOL-W . ALGOL 68. ALGOL 68 ' . ALGOL 68 , .
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1971 ³ Pascal, 70- .
1972 г Bell Labs C. . Xerox PARC '- Smalltalk.
1973 ̳ ML.
1975 ˳ Scheme.
1976 S, 1993 R.
1977 Bourne shell.
1975 ̳ , 1979 .
1981 dBASE II.
1984 ' ˳ Common Lisp. MATLAB
1985 ' C++. AWK.
1986 Objective-C Erlang. Borland Apple '- Pascal Object Pascal.
1987 Perl.
1990 Standard ML Haskell.
1991 Visual Basic Python.
1992 Oracle 7 PL/SQL
1993 Lua.
1995 Sun Microsystems Java, Netscape JavaScript, PHP Ruby.
1996 OCaml.
2001 C#.
2002 F#. 2003 Scala.
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, , , , [6]. , V :
int V[10];Pascal:
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