1. :
| 1. mechanical engineer | a) |
| 2. to deal (with) | b) |
| 3. designing cars | c) - |
| 4. to put into mass production | d) |
| 5. long service life | e) |
| 6. driving safety | f) |
| 7. to meet up-to-date demands | g) |
| 8. smooth-acting clutch | h) |
| 9. silent gearbox | i) ( -., -.) |
| 10. dependable brakes and steering system | j) |
| 11. to subject to tests | k) |
2. :
mechanical, mechanism, specialist, industry, phase, technology, process, laboratory, test, fact, automobile, engineer, method, principle, corrosion, type, material, comfortable.
3. .
Text 1. AUTOMOBILE PRODUCTION
1. Specialists in automobile industry deal with designing and manufacturing cars, so they should know that the production of the automobile comprises the following phases:
1) Designing,
2) Working out the technology of manufacturing processes,
3) Laboratory tests,
4) Road tests,
5) Mass production (manufacturing).
2. Why is it necessary to know all these facts?
It is important to know them as before the automobile (car or truck) is put into mass production, it should be properly designed and the automobile must meet up-to-date requirements.
3. What are these requirements?
The automobile must have high efficiency, long service life, driving safety, ease of maintenance and pleasant appearance. In order to obtain all these qualities engineers should develop up-to-date methods of designing cars, using new types of resistant to corrosion light materials. Also it is important to know computer science because it is intended to shorten the time between designing and manufacturing. Computers offer quick and optimal solutions of problems.
4. But before the car is put into mass production all its units and mechanisms are subjected to tests, first in the plant's laboratory, then the car undergoes a rigid quality control in road tests. Only then the car is put into mass production. Why are these tests required? What qualities are required of the automobile? The modern automobile must be rapid in acceleration, must have smooth acting clutch, silent gearbox, dependable brakes and steering system, as well as pleasant appearance. Also, it must be comfortable and have all conveniences.
Questions:
1. What phases does the production of the automobile comprise?
2. What requirements must the automobile meet?
3. Why are cars subjected to road tests?
4. What qualities are required of the automobile?
5. Why is it important for the specialists in automobile industry to know computing methods?
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4. :
1. It took me an hour to find a fault in the car.
2. The engine to be used in this truck is of a new design.
3. It's dangerous to drive in such bad weather.
4. Rudolf Diesel is known to be the inventor of the diesel engine.
5. We expect them to buy a new car.
6. This motor car is considered to be safe.
7. Newton is considered to be one of the greatest English scientists.
5. -, :
1. must check a fuel level in his car. (present)
2. You can easily do this work. (past)
3. You may find all the necessary material in the library. (future)
4. must check the temperature three times a day. (future)
5. We must meet in the workshop at 6 oclock. (present)
6. must work hard to finish his experiment. (past)
7. I can devote myself to scientific work. (future)
6. ) .
Text 2.
The two most common types of engines are the petrol engine and the diesel engine. Petrol engines are lighter and smaller than diesel engines. That makes them cheaper, and that is why most cars and motorbikes use petrol engines.
On the other hand, diesel engines use less fuel and last longer than petrol engines. They are also safer and less dangerous. They are widely used in large vehicles such as trucks and trains.
) :
1. The engine (cooled, is cooled) by water from the radiator.
2. Most cars (use, are used) petrol engines.
3. The electricity (stored, is stored) in the battery.
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) 5 .
