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1.5.1. :

- a -, , a- ( 4 ... z = 2), , ;

- b-, , ; : , - ; - b-;

- g- - , , -;

- - , ; , .

1.5.2. :

( , ) .

, (1.5.1)

N(t), -3 - t;

dN/dt, -3-1 - , 1 3 1 ( );

l, c-1 - , .

(1.5.1) .

(1.5.1) (t = 0 N = No), :

N(t) = No exp(-lt), (1.5.2)

:

, - .

(1.5.2) .

1.5.3. l,

T = 1/l, (1.5.3)

( , ).

- , = 2.7182818... .

, N(T)/No = exp(-T/T) = e-1 = 1/e.

, (1/2), , 2 .

, 1/2 - . , t = T1/2 N(T1/2) / No = 1/2, exp(- T1/2/T) = 1/2,

1/2/T = ln2 0.693, ,

1/2 0.693 , 1.44 1/2 (1.5.4)

1.5.4. :

:

(1.5.5)

1.5.5. , , , ( t). , , , .

, 1% , , (.1.3), 6-7 4-5 .

N(t)/No

1.0 T 2T 3T 4T 5T t

 

0.5

 

 

1/e

 

0.25

 

 

1/e2

0.125

0.0625 1/e3

0.03125 1/e4 1/e5

0.0156 t

0.0078 0 1/2 2T1/2 3T1/2 4T1/2 5T1/2 6T1/2 7T1/2

.1.3. .

: , .

 





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