AgCl Ag+ + Cl-.
K = [ Ag+] [l] / [AgCl], [AgCl ] = const.
K . [AgCl ] = const = [Ag+] [Cl] = (AgCl) = KS [AgCl].
, () (KS). .
8. ( ) AgI 0,01 KI, (AgI) = 1.1016.
ʼ:
1. AgI -?
- AgI, /. AgI Ag+ +I.
[Ag+] = [I] = .
2 = (AgI) = 1016; = 108 /.
2. AgI ʲ -?
0,01 / KI, I 102 /, , AgI, ; [Ag+] = 1016/102 = 1014, AgI ( [Ag+]) .
³: g 108 /, K - 1014 /.
10. ó
ó 䳿 , . ó , , .
ó , .
.
1. , , , , NaClO4, KCl, KNO3, Na2SO4, CaCl2, Ba(NO3)2, . . , 2 , .
2. (CuSO4, ZnCl2, Fe(NO3)3, AlCl3) +:
NH4NO3 ↔ NH 4+ + NO3−;
NH4+ + H2O NH4OH + H+ −
NH4NO3 + H2O NH4OH + HNO3 −
pH < 7, HNO3, , NH4OH.
3. (Na2CO3, K2SO3, NaCH3COO) :
KCN K+ + CN −;
CN + H2O OH + HCN;
KCN + H2O KOH + HCN;
pH > 7, KOH, , HCN
4. 7:
CH3COONH4 NH 4+ + CH3COO −;
CH3COO + H2O OH− + CH3COOH;
NH4+ + H2O NH4OH + H+;
CH3COO + NH4+ + H2O NH4OH + CH3COOH;
CH3COONH4 + H2O NH4OH + CH3COOH;
pH 7, , .
|
|
ó :
) K3PO4 + H2O K2HPO4 + KOH;
PO43 + H2O HPO42 + OH; pH > 7;
K2HPO4 + H2O KH2PO4 + KOH;
HPO42 + H2O H2PO4 + OH; pH > 7.
, 34.
) FeCl3 + H2O FeOHCl2 + HCl;
Fe3+ + H2O Fe (OH)2+ + H+; pH < 7;
FeOHCl2 + H2O Fe(OH)2Cl + HCl;
Fe(OH)2+ + H2O Fe(OH)2+ + H+; pH < 7,
+, Fe(OH)3 , ;
ó (Al2S3, Cr2S3, Al2(CO3)3) . ( "-");
Cr2S3 + 6H2O → 2Cr(OH)3¯ + 3H2S; pH 7;
Fe(CO3)3 + 6H2O →2Fe(OH)3¯ + 3H2CO3; pH 7.
3H2O 3CO2
ʳ .
K r = Kw / K , K = Kw / K , K r = Kw /(K . K ).
b - ʼ b= , - .
.
9. Fe(CH3COO)3.
:
Fe(CH3COO)3 , , :
Fe(CH3COO)3 ↔ Fe 3+ +3 CH3COO −;
Fe+3 + 2 ↔ FeOH+2 + H+;
CH3COO− + 2 ↔ CH3COOH + H−.
:
Fe(CH3COO)3 + 2 ↔ FeOH(CH3COO)2 + CH3COOH.
10. 0,1 .
ʼ:
:
KCH3COO CH3COO− + K+; CH3COO−+H2O CH3COOH + OH−;
1. K −?
K (CH3COOH) = 1,8·10−5 ( ).
K = W / K (CH3COOH) = 10−14/1,8·10−5 = 5,56·10−10.
2. β−?
β = = 7,5·10−5.
3. [OH−] −?
β· M / OH−.
[OH−] = β· M = 7,5·10−5·0,1 = 7,5·10−6 /.
5. pH −?
pH = −lg [OH−] = 5,12.
pH = 14 pOH = 14 5,12 = 8,8.
³: β = 7,5·10−5; pH = 8,8.