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12.

7.

 

. R (. 7.1).

Rx = ,

Ux Ix , (. . 7.1) , . , Rx (. 7.1 ) , UV IA, :

= ,

UV = Ux + IARA,

IA , , IA = Ix; RA .

Ix,

= + RA = Rx + RA.

Rx = Rx = RA,

γ = 100.

, , RA << Rx. RA (. 7.1 ) :

= = ; UV = Ux.

,

= = = = .

γ = = ‒ 1 = ‒ ,

γ = 100.

, (. 7.1 ) , RV << Rx. (. 7.1) R 1 .

, , .

. Z, R.

. , , (. 7.2).

:

= ; = = ,

U, I P , .

. , .

(. 7.2): Z x ; W ; R 1 .

 

12. 2. . . : , , , . , , .

(. 7.3 ). , ,

I p = .

U Rx. U , . K Rx . 0, I p , R , , .

( 1000 ). 0 K.

(. 7.3 ).

I p = ,

R 1 R p R ; R 2 .

Rx = 0 I p = 0, Rx = ∞

I p max = .

K (Rx = ∞), Rx K. .

. .

. Rx , . (.7.3 ) . Rx ; r 1 r 2 ; R K .

I 1 I 2 :

I 1 = ; I 2 = .

α , ..

α = f ,

α = f = f .

, . . (0,1...0,2)% 20% .

 

12. 3. . . . 1 . ( 1 ) .

. (. 7.4 ) (. 7.4 ) . :

Rx = R 2 ,

R 2, R 3, R 4 .

R 3/ R 4 () R, , . R 2 , R 3/ R 4. 0,1; 1; 10; 100 1000. .

(. . 7.4 ) R 2 - . K 3, 1 / 100 100 / 1, Rx 0,1 10 6. K 1 , K 2 . , ( ) R 2.

S M = α/ (∆ Rx / Rx) = (α/I )[∆ I / (∆ Rx / Rx)],

α/I .

, U , . U () . .

. ( 1 ) , , , . , .

(. 7.4 ). Rx R 0 () ; R 1, R 2, R 3 R 4 , ; R ; r, r 1, r 2, r 3 r 4 ( ); ; I ; I 1 I 2 ; I 3 , .

. r, r 1, r 2, r 3 r 4 , r , , .

, :

I 3 Rx + I 2 R 3 = I 1 R 1;

I 3 R 0 + I 2 R 4 = I 1 R 2;

I 2 (R 3 + R 4) = (I 3I 2) r.

Rx,

Rx = R 0 + .

,

d = → 0.

R 1 R 3, R 2 R 4 , , R 1/ R 2 R 3/ R 4 R 1/ R 2. , r , r . d

Rx = R 0 .

r Rx R 0.

, I, , , I. r 1, r 2, r 3 r 4, , R 1 R 2 R 3 R 4 ( 10 ), .

. , , . , , . , , .

(. 7.5). (. 7.5 a) (Rr 1) , (Rr 2) . Rx, , Rr 1 , Rr 2 Rx.

:

α = f (Ir 1/ Ir 2).

Ir 1 Ir 2 U , α U.

, (. 7.5 ), Rx , , (. 7.5 ). U, α .

, αRx, .. Rx

α x = ∆ Rx / Rx.

α . α :

α = c 1 wIr, (7.1)

c 1 , Bs / W; w .

,

S = w k y,

d ; k y , ,

π d 2/ 4 = Sk y/ w.

,

Rr = ρ wl 1/ (π d 2/ 4), (7.2)

ρ ; l 1 .

π d 2/ 4 = ρ wl 1/ Rr. (7.3)

(7.2) (7.3), Sk y/ w = ρ wl 1/ Rr,

w = = c 2 . (7.4)

(7.1) :

α = c 1 c 2 Ir = cIr = c , (7.5)

Pr .

, . , , , ..

R 1 R 2, , R 1 R 2 .

. (. 7.6). R' R" R, . , . Rx ( ) , Rx. . , U r. . , . , , Rx .

0,5%. , .. , , 0,2% .

.

, , . .

 

1 ?

2 , ?

3 , ?

4 ?

5 ?

 

 



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