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8. .
1) Consumerism as an international phenomenon.
2) The beginning of consumerism.
3) New economic situation created by Industrial Revolution.
4) The rise of materialism.
5) Possibility for consumers to improve social status.
6) Emulation as a component of consumerism.
7) The rise of ethical consumerism.
9. (True) (False) . .
1) Consumerism relates to human practice of buying goods in excess of their basic needs. (True)
2) There is a direct connection between mass consumption and mass production. (True)
3) Competition, materialism and disconnection do not underlie peoples consuming behavior. (False)
4) Purchasing an expensive item improves social status of consumers. (True)
5) The general trend in modern consuming habits is that the wealthy consumers do not differ greatly from the poor consumers. (False)
6) Modern consumerism intensifies the pressure on limited natural resources. (True)
10. .
1) What is meant by consumerism? Consumerism is when people purchase goods and consume materials in excess of their basic needs.
2) Why do you think people consume more than they need? I think its human nature. People always want more.
3) When did modern consumerism begin? Modern consumerism began from the nineteenth century, in the period of Industrial Revolution.
4) Why is it problematic to speak about consumerism in the agrarian economy? Because in agrarian economy the working classes labored long hours and had little time for consumption.
5) What shifts have happened in the present day consumerism? Ethical consumerism is popular today. Consumers are becoming more and more aware of the environmental and social implications and are therefore beginning to make purchasing decisions based on environmental and ethical implications.
6) What is the reason for the popularity of ethical consumerism? The reason is that nowadays people start to understand that natural resources are limited and if begin to consume them one day we simply dont have them.
7) What is your opinion about Black Fridays? Do you know why certain Fridays are called Black? I like black Fridays because you can buy a lot of things on low price.Black Friday is the name given to the shopping day after Thanksgiving. It was originally called Black Friday because so many people went out to shop that it caused traffic accidents and sometimes even violence.
11. 10-12 Living in the contemporary society: freedom or slavery.
If consider these two concepts freedom and slavery in the literal sense, it can be argued that we are free. The period of slavery ended a long time ago and today every person in the world with a legal point of view is free. But if to think about true freedom, most likely you come to the conclusion that living in contemporary society is slavery. Of course, people have always been slaves. But in ancient times they were slaves only of hunger and the weather. And now this list has expanded considerably. We are slaves of Internet and of other people opinions. We are slaves of fashion and mass media, slaves of trade and of mass market. In our days we are limited by many rules, starting from the rule how to use chopsticks to the rules how to raise a child in the right way. So, I think its very difficult to live in the contemporary society.
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