= f(x),
= kf(ax + b) + l.
. /():
1) f(ax), > 0, f(x) ("" , 0 < < 1, 1/ );
2) f(x) ;
3) f(x + b) |b| , b > 0, , b < 0;
4) kf(x), k > 0, ("" k, 0 < k < 1, 1/ );
5) f(x) ;
6) f (x) + l
| l | , l > 0, , l < 0.
7) y = f(|x|), , y=f(x), x≥0 f(-x), x<0. , y=f(x), y=f(-x) ( y=f(x), , oy)
8) y = |f(x)|, , f(x)≥0 f(x), f(x)<0 f(x). , , , , .
, f(x)
, ,
(. a,b,k,l>0 . 11.7)
. 11.7
11.7
y= - 2sin(3x). . 11.7(1-3)
. 11.7(1)
.11.7(2)
.11.7(3)
(. 11.8(1). M(x,y) ρ ( ) φ, (. 11.1)
. 11.(1)
, , :
:
11.8
, ( ). :
, , :
.11.8 (2)