.


:




:

































 

 

 

 





 

㳿 XX . , . . . , , , , , .. 60 . , , , , - , , .

. ˳ , , . ֳ , , , , . - - , Monsanto, Apotex, Cargill.

, . , 䳿 . , , , . -, , , . ' , , , . -, , , . , , , .

, 1961 䳺 ̳ , ̳ (The International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants - UPOV). .

. ' , в . 䳺 , . {Convention on Biological Diversity - CBD) 1993 ̳ , (International Treaty for Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture - ITPGRFA) 2001 , . , , - , .

Monsanto Canada Inc. vs. Shmeiser

(), . (1998 ), , , . , . , . . ³ , , , . س 400000 , ( 50 ) , . . . , , -, . .

2008 . . Right Livelyhood Award .





:


: 2016-12-17; !; : 311 |


:

:

- - , .
==> ...

1761 - | 1703 -


© 2015-2024 lektsii.org - -

: 0.008 .