..
2004 .
3 (180 ). 3 50 .
1 35 (1 35). 4 , .
2 10 (1 10), ( , , , ..).
3 5 , . C1 C5 () .
, . , .
, . , , . , .
. , , . .
!
1
1 (1 35) ´ , .
| A1 |
, 40
| 1) | 2) | 3) | 4) |
| A2 |
1 s 22 s 22 p 63 s 23 p 6
| 1) | Sc2+ | 2) | Al3+ | 3) | Cr3+ | 4) | Ca2+ |
| A3 |
NH3
| 1) | |
| 2) | |
| 3) | |
| 4) |
| A4 |
+ 6,
| 1) | 2 | 2) | + 2 | 3) | + 6 | 4) | 6 |
| A5 |
| 1) | HBr | 2) | Li2O | 3) | BaO | 4) | KCl |
| A6 |
| 1) | |
| 2) | |
| 3) | |
| 4) | , |
| A7 |
|
|
|
| 1) | 2) | 3) | 4) |
| A8 |
:
| 1) | |
| 2) | |
| 3) | |
| 4) |
| A9 |
, ó
| 1) | C | 2) | N | 3) | F | 4) | O |
| A10 |
F2 Cl2 Br2 I2
| 1) | |
| 2) | |
| 3) | |
| 4) |
| A11 |
| 1) | Cu | 2) | MgO | 3) | Fe(OH)3 | 4) | Na2CO3 |
| A12 |
a 
X1 
X2 
X3
3
| 1) | CaO | 2) | Ca3 | 3) | CaH2 | 4) | CaC2 |
| A13 |
| 1) | |
| 2) | 2- |
| 3) | |
| 4) |
| A14 |
| 1) | nH2n6 | 2) | CnH2n2 | 3) | CnH2n | 4) | CnH2n+2 |
| A15 |
, , ,
| 1) | |
| 2) | |
| 3) | |
| 4) |
| A16 |
| 1) | NaOH | 2) | Na | 3) | C2 | 4) | Na2CO3 |
| A17 |
, ,
| 1) | NaOH | 2) | Cu(OH)2 | 3) | CH4 | 4) | HBr |
| A18 |
| 1) | |
| 2) | |
| 3) | |
| 4) |
| A19 |
, ,
| 1) | 2) | 3) | 4) |
| A20 |
,
| 1) | HCl | 2) | O2 | 3) | H2 | 4) | 2 |
| A21 |
:
| 1) | Hl, KOH |
| 2) | NaCl, NH3 |
| 3) | C2H5OH, KCl |
| 4) | CO2, HNO3 |
| A22 |
,
CaCO3 () 
CaO () + CO2 () Q,
| 1) | , |
| 2) | , |
| 3) | , |
| 4) | , |
| A23 |
| 1) | NaOH (-) HCl (-) |
| 2) | CuO (.) H2SO4 (-) |
| 3) | CaCO3 (.) HCl (-) |
| 4) | Zn (.) H2SO4 (-) |
| A24 |
|
|
|
C2H4 + H2 
C2H6 + 311,4
, 2
| 1) | 311,4 |
| 2) | 311,4 |
| 3) | 622,8 |
| 4) | 622,8 |
| A25 |
CO2 () + C () 2CO () Q
| 1) | |
| 2) | |
| 3) | O |
| 4) |
| A26 |
| 1) | CaCO3 CaO + CO2
|
| 2) | CH3COONa + H2O C3COOH + NaOH
|
| 3) | NH4Cl NH3 + HCl
|
| 4) | H3PO4 H+ + H2PO4
|
| A27 |
, ,
| 1) | |
| 2) | |
| 3) | |
| 4) |
| A28 |
| 1) | |
| 2) | |
| 3) | |
| 4) |
| A29 |
| 1) | |
| 2) | |
| 3) | |
| 4) |
| A30 |
1,2-
| 1) | -1 |
| 3) | -2 |
| 2) | |
| 4) | -1,2 |
| A31 |
| 1) | 2) | 3) | 4) |
| A32 |
HCl , .. ,
| 1) | 2--2- |
| 2) | 2--1- |
| 3) | 2--2- |
| 4) | 2--1- |
| A33 |
, , :
| 1) | Cu HCl; KClO3 |
| 2) | Zn HCl; KMnO4 |
| 3) | H2O2; HgO |
| 4) | HCl; Na2O |
| A34 |
, ,
| 1) | 2) | 3) | 4) |
| A35 |
(..), 35,2 (II),
| 1) | 2,24 | 2) | 4,48 | 3) | 6,72 | 4) | 8,96 |
2
(1 10) , . , 1 , . , , ( ) .
1 5 , 1 .
| B1 |
.
| 1) | ) | S+4  S+6
| |
| 2) | (IV) | ) | S+4 S0
|
| 3) | ) | S0 S+4
| |
| 4) | (.) | ) | S2 S+4
|
| ) | S0 S2
| ||
| ) | S+6 S+4
|
| B2 |
- .
|
|
|
| - | |||
| 1) | NaOH + HNO3 | ) | CaCO3 + 2H+ = Ca2+ +H2O + CO2 |
| 2) | Na2CO3 + HCl | ) | CO32 + H2O = HCO3 + OH |
| 3) | Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O | ) | OH + H + = H2O |
| 4) | CaCO3 + HCl | ) | CO32 + 2H+ = CO2 + H2O |
| ) | CO32 + CO2 + H2O = 2HCO3 |
| B3 |
.
| 1) | ) | ||
| 2) | (III) | ) | |
| 3) | ) | ||
| 4) |
| B4 |
() .
| () | |||
| 1) | CrO | ) | |
| 2) | CrO3 | ) | |
| 3) | H3BO3 | ) | |
| 4) | K3[Fe(CN)6] | ) | |
| ) | |||
| ) |
| B5 |
, .
| 1) | CnH2n+2 | ) | |
| 2) | CnH2n | ) | |
| 3) | CnH2n2 | ) | |
| 4) | CnH2n6 | ) | |
| ) | |||
| ) |
| B6 |
, :
| ) | N2O |
| ) | 2 |
| ) | 2SO4 |
| ) | H2SO4 |
| ) | KOH |
: ____________.
( .)
| B7 |
: NaNO3, CO2, Cl2, CCl4, Hg ( ) _________________. ( .)
| B8 |
| ) | |
| ) | |
| ) | |
| ) | |
| ) | |
| ) |
: ___________________. ( .)
| B9 |
, 135 10%- , _______________ . ( .)
| B10 |
45,5 35,68 NaOH. (..), :
Zn + 2NaOH 
Na2ZnO2 + H2.
: ___ . ( .)
3
| (1 5) 2. (1 ..), . . |
| C1 |
,
O + 2H2 CH3OH ()+ Q
.
|
|
|
| C2 |
, :
u Cu(NO3)2 Cu(OH)2 X Cu CuSO4.
.
| C3 |
, :
CO CH3OH CH3COOCH3 
A CH4 H2C = O.
.
| C4 |
1 , 4,24. .
| C5 |
, 150 8,4%- . 15,6%- ( 1,11 /) ? .
1
, . ( ; , ; ) .
| 1 | 13 | 25 | |||||
| 2 | 14 | 26 | |||||
| 3 | 15 | 27 | |||||
| 4 | 16 | 28 | |||||
| 5 | 17 | 29 | |||||
| 6 | 18 | 30 | |||||
| 7 | 19 | 31 | |||||
| 8 | 20 | 32 | |||||
| 9 | 21 | 33 | |||||
| 10 | 22 | 34 | |||||
| 11 | 23 | 35 | |||||
| 12 | 24 |
2
, , .
| 1 | |
| 2 | |
| 3 | |
| 4 | |
| 5 | |
| 6 | |
| 7 | |
| 8 | |
| 9 | |
| 10 |
3
1 0 3 ;
2-4 - 0 5 ; 5 0 4 .
| C1 |
,
O + 2H2 CH3OH ()+ Q
.
| ( , ) | |
| : , : 1) 2) 3) : () ; () ( ) | |
| , | |
| , , | |
| , 2- | |
| 3 |
| C2 |
, :
u Cu(NO3)2 Cu(OH)2 X Cu CuSO4.
.
| ( , ) | |
| : , , : 1) Cu + 4HNO3 (.) = Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO2 + 2H2O. , NO2 NO. 2) Cu(NO3)2 + 2NaOH = Cu(OH)2 + 2NaNO3 3) Cu(OH)2 = CuO + H2O () 4) CuO + H2 = Cu + H2O () 5) Cu + 2H2SO4 (.) = uSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O | |
| , 1, 3, 4, 5- | |
| 4 5- 5- 2- | |
| 3 5- 4 5- , 2- | |
| 2 5- 3 5- , 2- | |
| 5- 2 5- , | |
| 5 |
|
|
|
| C3 |
, :
CO CH3OH CH3COOCH3 A CH4 H2C = O.
.
| ( , ) | |
:
, , :
1) CO + 2H2  H3OH
2) CH3OH + CH3COOH  CH3COOCH3 + H2O
3) CH3COOCH3 + NaOH  CH3COONa + CH3OH
4) CH3COONa () + NaOH() CH4↑ + Na2CO3
5) CH4 + O2  H2C = O + H2O
| |
| , 1 - 5- | |
| 4 5- 5- 2- | |
| 3 5- 4 5- , 2- | |
| 2 5- 3 5- , 2- | |
| 5- 2 5- , | |
| 5 |
| C4 |
1 , 4,24. .
| ( , ) | |
| : 1) nH2n+1Br = 12n + 2n+1 + 80 = 14n + 81. 2) = 29 4,24 = 123 /. 3) . 14n + 81 = 123 n = 3. 37Br. 4) 36 . 5) . . | |
| , | |
| 4 ; ( ) | |
| 3 , ( ) | |
| 2 | |
| (1- 2-) | |
| 5 |
| C5 |
, 150 8,4%- . 15,6%- ( 1,11 /) ?
| ( , ) | |
| : 1) 2NaHCO3 = Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O 2) Na2CO3 + BaCl2 = BaCO3 + 2NaCl 3) n(Na2CO3) = ½ ∙ n(NaHCO3) = ½ ∙ 150∙0,084/84 = 0,075 , m(Na2CO3) = 0,075∙106 = 7,95 n(CO2) = 0,075 , m(CO2) = 0,075∙44 = 3,3 m() = 150 3,3 = 146,7 ω (Na2CO3) = m(Na2CO3)/m() = 7,95/146,7 = 0,0542 5,42% 4) n(BaCl2) = n(Na2CO3) = 0,075 V(- BaCl2) = 0,075∙208/(0,156∙1,11) = 90,1 | |
| , | |
| 3- 4- | |
| 3-, 4- 2- 4- | |
| , ( 3- 4-) | |
| 4 |
