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29.03.00, 29.05.00, 29.06.00
2013
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. .
( 4 9.02. 2006 .).
: ..
, 2013 .
1.
: ; ; .
(1)
u ; v ; g ; ρ ρ 0 ; B - .
, :
u = , (2)
r ; ή .
, ( , , ). , , 10-5 10-2 . , , . (2) - , . .
, . (, ) , (2) , .. , . ( ). , ( ), .
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m = Quτ/H. , , :
tgφ = dm/dτ = Qu/H = k = const
τ=H/u (m=Q).
, , . (.1) OD 1 2. , . , 1 2: . . m01 . τ . m1 m01 =AE 2.
. m01, , . τ > τ2 , . , τ2 :
. ( G L), , . , , 1, , , . τ1 τ2, . , (III.2) , :
, (3)
- , .
, Q, , ( ) τ.
τ = τ1Q1 =m01; τ = τ2Q2 =m02. τa, τb,τc:
Qa = 0; Qb = m01; Qc = m01 + m02. , τb, :
(4)
, . 2. , , . , . , τ1, (III.23) :
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(5)
Q1 , τ1, , τ1. , 1 (3) : , Q1 r ³ r1. r < r1, τ1.
, Q2 , .. , ( % ). mmax = 100%, Q1, Q2, Q3 r ³ r1, r ³ r2, r ³ r3.
Q ( r) r. 3, . , , r1 r2, :
DQ1 = Q2 Q1.
, F = |DQ/Dr|, |dQ/dr| , (.3 ).
F(r) , DQ Dr. F(r) . (. .2), DQ , , : DQ1 = Q2 Q1. Dr1 = r2 r1 , t1 t2.
, 3 r1 r2 , (100%). : () r, r, , r.
. .
, .. . :
(6)
Qm t0 , m t.
Qm , , t¥. t/(t + t0) m Qm. , Qm , . 100% , , Qm 100%.
, t0 , (3) , t:
, (7)
(8)
(8) m dm/dt, (6) :
(9)
a , (3):
(10)
.
(11)
(12) . (11) r:
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(12)
α2 r/r0 1.
, . (11) Q=100%:
(13)
(12) r ( ), :
(14)
1. α2 ε r/r0
r/r0 | α2 | ε | r/r0 | α2 | ε | r/r0 | A2 | ε |
0.1 | 0.980 | 0.097 | 0.6 | 0.541 | 0.239 | 1.4 | 0.114 | 0.054 |
0.2 | 0.925 | 0.177 | 0.7 | 0.451 | 0.209 | 1.6 | 0.079 | 0.036 |
0.3 | 0.842 | 0.232 | 0.8 | 0.372 | 0.182 | 1.8 | 0.056 | 0.023 |
0.4 | 0.743 | 0.255 | 0.9 | 0.305 | 0.155 | 2.0 | 0.040 | 0.016 |
0.45 | 0.692 | 0.260 | 1.0 | 0.250 | 0.125 | 2.5 | 0.019 | 0.007 |
0.5 | 0.640 | 0.256 | 1.2 | 0.168 | 0.083 | 3.0 | 0.010 | 0.003 |
r = 3r0, (15)
F ~ 0,01 . , (3) (1):
(16)
, Qm, , , - r0. r0, , , Qm , .
(9) , :
(17)
1 2 r1 r2.
, .. : r0 Qm.
:
τ/m = τ0/ Qm + τ/ Qm (18)
τ/m τ . τ Qm, , , τ0/ Qm.
r0 τ = τ0. η ρ0 ρ. Qm r0 , (11) (12) .1 . (.4) , 8, 7 .
, ~ 3 . . ~ 2-3 ( ), ( ) ~ 15-20 . 6, . , , .
1 ( 5 ). 2 3. 4 2 3. ( ) 5.
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:
;
;
;
( );
;
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m0, ( ). , . , , , . 0,5% .
, , , , . , , . , , , , , .
m 30 , 1 , 3 ., 5 . , 1-2 . , 10 2-3 . 2.
m(%)=f(τ). .. .
3. 3 (13)-(15). r<r<r;
τ0 (τ/m = f(τ)), r0 (10). (16).
:
2.
τ, | m, | m= m-m0, | m, % | τ/m |
3.
r, | r/r0 | ά2 | Q,% | έ | F |