( ).
,
( ).
, Ze , .
.
. (3)
v (1) (3),
. (4)
(Z =1) .
. (5)
n (19) .
. (19)
32. - 1924 . , -
, .
l=h/p l=h/mv
- , .
-
, , . dP dV
.
-
.
.
.
33.
/2 z
. .
.
34.
- - .
.
, p . . , ,
.
; .
, ,
.
, U, . ,
, (5)
D ()
. (6)
(6) ( ).
35.
. | (x,y,z,t)|2dV , t dV (x,y,z).
(r1,r2,...rn,t) i(ri,t)
|
|
(r1,r2,...rn,t) = 1(r1,t) 2(r2,t)... n(rn,t).
E p
(r,t) = Aexp[i(kr - t)] = Aexp[i(pr - Et)/ ].
A
A = (2 )-3/2.
.. , , ( ), . .
= Asin kx + Bcos kx,
36. .
( x)
, E, ( ), ( ), .. . , , . . .
.
1, 3 , ,
2 , .
( 1); (11)
( 2); (11)
( 3). (11)
D .
.