.
, ,
(9)
1 , ./
C =25 960 .
k k =1 [5, . 37];
k k =0,75 (. 2.12) [5, . 38];
k k =0,75 (. 2.12) [5, . 38];
k k =1 [5, . 37]
k k =1 [5, . 38];
Q , ;
q , (. );
S 1 (), .;
., (10). .
(10)
, , ( ), , , , (, , , , ..).
.
: 1. .
.
7505-89 : , , , .
(8).
: 8, 9 4.
. , , : 1, 2, 3. (Si, Mn, Cr, Ni, Mo, W, V .).
1 0,35% 2,0% .
2 0,35% 0,65% 2,0% 5,0% .
3 0,65% 5,0%.
: 45 2.
9
, | |||||
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
: | |||||
() | + | + | |||
+ | + | ||||
+ | + | ||||
- | + | + | |||
+ | + | ||||
+ | + | ||||
+ | + | ||||
( ) | + | + | |||
+ | |||||
: 1. , , . 2. 2¸4 . 3. |
. : 1, 2, 3, 4. 4.9 , .
|
|
=´K (11)
, ;
, ;
K , ( 6, 18).
:
=8,3´1,3=10,79 .
10
/ ( ) | |
0,63 | 1 |
0,32¸0,63 | 2 |
0,16¸0,32 | 3 |
0,16 | 4 |
1,05 (. 7 7505-89).
, , 4, t/D, t/L, t/(D-d) 0,2 t 25 ( t , D d , l ).
: ().
49,5´1,05=51,97 .
610´1,05=640,5 .
() =10,66 .
, 0,63 1.
, .
().
[10]
10,79 4, 2, 1 13.
- (4.9)
.
, =167,06 .
=8,3/10,79=0,76
, , , 7505-89 [19].
, , 3, 4, , , . 3.
|
|
3 - ()
2
.
: 3,1 , 0,35 , (. 6, 17).
D=D +t1+t2=49,5+3,1+0,35=52,95 (12)
D ;
D ;
t1 ;
t2 .
2590-71*.
(. 6, 17).
1,3 .
L=L +t´2=610+1,3´2=612,6 (13)
L ;
L ;
t .
613 .
(Æ ) . [9, 3.14].
3 (14)
D ;
L .
:
=V´g=1424058,82´7,85´10-6=11,17 . (15)
V ;
g - /3.
.
l 80 .
l=6 .
l=(0,3-0,5)´d=0,4´54=22 (16)
d , .
, .
4
4=(L-l-l)/ (L+l)=(4000-80-22)/619=6,29 (17)
6 .
7
7=(L-l-l)/ (L+l)=(7000-80-22)/619=11,14.
11 .
( ) :
4
L = L-l-l-L´4=4000-80-22-619´6=184 (18)
4=L´100/L=184´100/4000=4,6% (19)
7
L = L-l-l-L´7=7000-80-22-619´11=89 .
7=L´100/L =89´100/7000=1,27%.
, 7 , 4 .
=L´100/L =80´100/7000=1,1% (20)
=L´100/L=22´100/7000=0,31% (21)
(%)
= 7++=1,27+1,1+0,31=2,68% (22)
:
=´(100+)/100=11,17´(100+2,68)/100=11,46 . (23)
=8,3/11,46=0,72
=C/1000´.-(.-)´(/1000) (24)
=22785/1000´11,17-(11,17-8,3)´(400/1000)=253,35 .
4 - ()
-
- : , , .
= ´ Q+C(Q-q)- ´ (Q-q) (25)
, .;
|
|
1 , ./;
C , , ./;
, ./.
11.
, 23
(26)
11 .
1 | - | |
4 | - | |
2 | 2 | |
, | 10,79 | 11,17 |
0,76 | 0,72 | |
, . | 167,06 | 253,35 |
, C, , . 12.
12 1 , ./
1,44 | |
2,98 | |
3,80 | |
() | 1,46 |
3,19 | |
4,43 |
, 1 , 27.
=+ ´ (27)
1 , ./;
1 , ./;
(= 0,10,2).
=0,16, [11] 13.
(27)
= 1,88+0,15´5,66=2,72 ./
13 , 1
, | 1 , . | |
4,95 | 10,85 | |
, , | 4,68 | 10,39 |
3,56 | 10,35 | |
1,88 | 5,66 | |
5,63 | ||
10,6 | 22,13 |
1 ( 4)
= ´ h ´ h ´ h ´ h ´ h =25,96´0,9´0,75´0,8´1,0´1,0=14,01 . (28)
1 , =25,96 .;
h , h =0,9;
h , (. 14), h =0,75;
h , (. 15) h =0,8;
h , (. 16) h =1,0;
h , h =1,0.
14 h
0845 | 0,75 | 0,84 | 1,15 | |
15Յ50 | 0,77 | 0,87 | 1,15 | |
18҅30 | 0,78 | 0,88 | 1,14 | |
915 | 0,79 | 0,89 | 1,13 | |
123303 | 0,81 | 0,90 | 1,10 |
15 h
, | |||||
. 0845 | . 15Յ50 | . 18҅30 | . 9, 15 | . 123303 | |
£0,25 | 1,94 | 1,82 | 1,62 | ||
0,250,63 | 1,83 | 1,64 | 1,61 | 1,52 | 1,42 |
0,631,6 | 1,33 | 1,29 | 1,29 | 1,3 | 1,25 |
1,62,5 | 1,14 | 1,14 | 1,15 | 1,14 | 1,11 |
2,54,0 | |||||
4,010,0 | 0,87 | 0,89 | 0,89 | 0,88 | 0,9 |
10,025,0 | 0,8 | 0,8 | 0,79 | 0,76 | 0,8 |
25,063,0 | 0,73 | 0,73 | 0,74 | 0,71 | 0,75 |
63,0160,0 | 0,7 | 0,7 | 0,72 | 0,65 | 0,7 |
|
|
16 h
0885 | 1,00 |
15Յ50 | 1,18 |
18҅30 | 1,27 |
15 | 1,62 |
123303 | 1,98 |
1 ( 4)
= ´ h (29)
1 , .;
h , .
h [11]:
.1,0
1,03
.1,06
12 (. 6).
1 ,
= ´ h =22,78´1,0=22,78 ./.
[11].
=´Q+C(Q-q)-´(Q-q)
=14,01´10,79+2,72´(10,798,3)1,44´(10,798,3)=154,35 .
=22,78´11,17+2,72´(11,178,3)1,44´(11,178,3)=258,12 .
, .
=154,35 .< =258,12 .
, .
=( )´N (30)
N=20 000 ./
=(258,12-154,35)´20 000=2 075 400 .
: , .
.
.
, .
, , .
() .
, , .
, ( ) [15].
. . [8].
:
1. , .
2. . .
3. , . , , - .
4. , .
5. [26].
|
|
: , , - Æ51 (. 2). , . ( 14034-74). 7, 13 9 ( 2).
5
:
- 1 Z
- 2 Y
- 3 Y
- 4 Z
- 5
- 6
1, 2, 3, 4
5
, , .
:
1.
2.
3. . .
4. , .
5. . , [19, 20]. , , .
6. , , , , . , , , . , 1118-82 ( 1 1).
(, , , , ..).
[19] (. 6, 29) , , , .
, , , .. . , .
, , , . (. 6, 29), . , , - ..
, , .
: , . , , , .
(. ). 45 4 7505-89. =10,79 . - , , - 3 17 (. 3).
(. [19] 6, 29).
Æ45js6(0,008) (Ra=1,25 ) :
1) ;
2) ;
3) ;
4) ;
5) ;
6) ;
7) .
, 17.
17
IT | Ra | ||
1. 19 20 | , , | 14 10 | 6,3 2,5 |
2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18 | , , | 14 | 6,3 |
9, 11 | , , | 10 | 6,3 |
3, 7, 13, 17 | , , , , | 6 | 1,25 |
22, 24 21, 23 | , | 9 11 | 3,2 6,3 |