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7.

 

7.1. . .

7.2.

7.3. .

7.4.

7.5. .

7.6. .

7.7.

7.8.

7.9.

 

.. IV, 4.1 4.4 .71-82

., . ? I . 25-44, I .45-76, II . 77-98

 

 

 

1. ?

2.

3. ( )

4., .

5. ?

6,

7.

8. ,

9.

10. ( x<0).

 

 

. .

 

 

, , , , . , . R, .

 

I. . b , + b, , :

I.1. a + b = b + a, a,b R.

I.2. a + (b + ) = (a + b) + , a,b,c R.

I.3. , ,

a R + 0 = .

I.4. a R ,

-, + (-) = 0.

+ (b), , b R, b b.

. . b , ab (a b), , :

II.1. ab = ba, a, b R.

II.2. (b) = (ab)c, a,b, R

II.3. , 1, R 1 = .

II.4. , a -1 , = 1.

, b : b /b.

III. :

a,b,c R ( + b) = ac+bc

IV. . . . b

: < b ( " b"), , , b > ( "b "), > b, , , b < . , :

IV1. . <b b < , < .

IV2- < b, + < b + .

IV3. > b > 0, > bc.

. ≤ b, b ≥ , , < b, = b.

IV2 IV3 , : b, , , < b, , < < b. , a = a, b = b c < b, 2a<a + b<2b,

< < b, . . .

.

 

V. . X Y , X Y x≤y, , x≤a≤y, X Y ( .7.1.)

 

 

 

. 7.1.

 

 

, . .

 

 

7.1.

 

, I-V, , , .

 

. , , , , , I-V.

 

() , (.. 7.1.(2))

 

. 7.1. (2)

 

, . < b ( b > ) , b ( b ).

, +∞ ∞ , , R. -∞< < +∞.

R, +∞ ∞, ( )

R ∞ ( ), ∞ . +∞, ∞ ∞ , , .

R. a , b , ≤b.

[, b] = {: , ≤x≤b}

,

(a,b) = {: , < < b}

,

[, b) = {: , ≤ < b},

(,b] = {: , < ≤b}

, . b , , < < b, . b , ≤b, b , .

 

7.1(2).

U(a, ε) = (a - ε, a + ε) ( .7.1(3)

 

. 7.1(3).





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