. ++ - .
++ , , , . .
3.
++
( )
4. .
(linking). ++ , ( cpp ), , , . - ++ . (linker) , . , .
5.
, .
6.
, , .
bool true 1; false 0 1
char
signed -128 127 1
unsigned 0 255 1
Int
signed mod 232-1 4 a
unsigned 0 4 294 967 295 4 a
Double 3.4e-308-1.7e+308 8
2
Bool a,y,z
True-
False-
&&- *, ^.& -and
||-v-or
!- ⌐X-not
| X | Y | X&Y | XVY | ⌐X |
⌐XvY= ⌐X&⌐Y ⌐ X&Y= ⌐Xv ⌐Y
| X | Y | XVY | ⌐XVY | ⌐X | ⌐Y | ⌐X&⌐Y |
X&(Y v Z)=X&Y v X&Z
X v (Y&Z) =(X v Y) & (X v Z)
X v ⌐X =1
X & ⌐X =0
X Y
| X | Y | XàY |
X ^ Y
X v Y
|
|
|
D=D1^D1^D2^D3^D4
(X,Y) D →((X,Y) D1)& ((X,Y) D2)& ((X,Y) D3)& ((X,Y) D4)
(X,Y) D →(Y>=X-1)&& (Y<=X+1)& & (Y<= -X+1)&& (Y >= -X-1)
D=D1vD1vD2vD3vD4
(X,Y) D→(Y>=X-1) || (Y<=X+1)|| (Y<= -X+1)|| (Y >= -X-1)
A X\Y=X ^ ⌐ Y
X\Y c X ^ ⌐ Y
X ^ ⌐ YcX\Y
:
1) p X\Y=(p X)&(p ⌐ Y )= p X ^ ⌐ Y
2) p X ^ ⌐ Y=(p X)&(p ⌐ Y )= p X\Y
D1\D2
(X,Y) D1\D2 =(X,Y) D1^ ⌐ D2
((X,Y) D1)&&((X,Y) ⌐ D2)↔ ((X,Y) D1)&&!((X,Y) D2)
3
If (B) C1; else C2;
, C1;
, C2;
If (B) C1;
if (B) {c1;c2;}
else c3;
*{c1;c2;}-
1) max
x, y
max=max{x, y}
if (x<y) max=y;
else max=x;
max=max{x, y, z}
1)
if (x<y)
if (y<z) max=z;
else max=y;
else if (x<z) max=z;
else max=x;
2)
max=x;
if (max<y) max=y;
if (max<z) max=z;
3)
if (1) {if (2) 1;}
else 2;
4)
if (1)
if (2) 1;
else 2;
5) 
if (1)
{
1;
if (2) {2;3;}
else {4;5;}
6;
}
else
{
if (3)
{
if (4) {3;4;}
}
else 9;
10;
}
6) ax2+bx+c=0
# include <iostream.h>
# include <math.h>
void main()
{
int a,b, c;
double x, d, x1, x2;
cout<<Enter a, b, c;
cin>>a, b, c;
if (a==0)
{
if (b==0)
{
if (c==0) cout<<x- ;
else cout<< ;
}
else {x= -c/b;}
}
else
{
D=b*b-4*a*c;
if (D>=0)
{
x1=(-b+ sqrt(D))/(2*a);
x2= (-b- sqrt(D))/(2*a);
}
else cout<< ;
}
cout<<endl;
}
b2=paw(b,2)
void main()
{
int i;
i=5;
{
int i;
i=10;
cout<<i; // 10
}
cout<<i; // 5
}
4
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9
904=9*102+0*10+4*100
0,1
1012=1*22+0*2+1*20=510
0,1,2
1013=1*32+0*3+1*30=1010
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A, B, C, D
ABBA16=10*163+11*162+11*16+10*160=40960+2816+176+10=4396210
904,90410=1110001000,1112
904/2=452 0
452/2=226 0
226/2=113 0
113/2=56 1
56/2=28 0
28/2=14 0
14/2=7 0
7/2=3 1
3/2=1 1
0,904*2= 1,808
0,808*2= 1,616
0,616*2= 1,232
0,232*2= 0,464
, , .
0110111011100011=123232034
= 673438
=6316
10 16 2
0 0 0000
1 1 0001
2 2 0010
9 9 1001
10 1010
11 B 1011
|
|
|
12 C 1100
13 D 1101
14 E 1110
15 F 1111
10010=11001002=12104=1448=6416
int x =100
=4
1 =8 4 =32
0→1
1→0
1,
0,25*1010-
↕
Double 4
▄1 ▄2 ▄3 ▄4 -
int x=100; double y=2.5;
y-y+x- double
1)
While (B) C;
While (B)
{
C1;C2;C3;
}
Do C while (B)
1
while
y=1+2+3+..+n
y=∑in=1i
# include <iostream.h>
void main()
{ int i,y, n;
cout<<Enter n=;
cin>>n;
y=0;
i=1;
while (i<=n) { y=y+i;
i++;
}
cout<<y=<<y<<endl;
}
do while
y=1+2+3+..+n
# include <iostream.h>
void main()
{ int i,y, n;
cout<<Enter n=;
cin>>n;
y=0;
i=1;
do { y=y+i;
i++;
}
while (i<=n);
cout<<y=<<y<<endl;
}
2
y=1/1!+1/2!+1/3!+1/n!
y=y+1/f - double
# include <iostream.h>
void main()
{
int i,f, n;
double y;
cout<<Enter n=;
cin>>n;
y=0;
i=1;
f=1;
while (i<=n)
{f=f*i;
y=y+(double)1/f;
i++;
}
cout<<y=<<y<<endl;
}
3
y=sin(x)
sin (x) =x -x3/3!+x5/5!-x7/7!+
sin(x) = ∑0∞ (-1)i x2i+1 / (2i+1)!
1
step=x
znak=1
fact=1
y=y+ step*znak/fact
# include <iostream.h>
# include <math.h>
void main()
{
int i, n, fact, znak;
double y,x,step;
cout<<enter x=;
cin>>x;
cout<<enter n=;
cin>>n;
y=x;
znak=1;
step=x;
factorial=1;
for (i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
znak=-znak;
step=step*x*x;
factorial=factorial*2*i*(2*i+1);
y=y+znak*stepen/fact;
}
cout<<y=<<y;
cout<<sin(x)=<<sin(x);
}
2 ( )
y= x-x3/3!+x5/5!-x7/7!+
y=∑0∞ (-1)i x2i+1 / (2i+1)!= ∑0∞ti
ti=ti-1*p
p= ti/ ti-1= ((-1)i x2i+1 / (2i+1)!)/ ((-1)i-1 x2i-1 / (2i-1)!)= -x2/2*i*(2*i+1)
# include <iostream.h>
void main()
{
double y, x, t;
int i, n;
cout << enter x=;
cin >> x;
cout << enter n=;
cin >> n;
y=x;
t=x;
for (i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
t= -t*x*x/((2*i+1)*2*i)
y=y+t;
}
cout << y= << y;
}
while-
# include <iostream.h>
# include <math.h>
void main()
{
const double eps=0.001;
double y, x, t;
cout << enter x=;
cin >> x;
y=0;
t=x;
int i=1;
while (fabs(t)>eps)
{
y = y+t;
t = -t*x*x/((2*i+1)*2*i);
i++;
}
Cout << y= << y;
}
2) for
for (int i=1; fabs(t)>eps; i++)
{
t= -t*x*x/((2*i-1)*2*i)
y=y+t;
}
4
Cos(x)=∑i∞ (-1)i x2i / 2i!
p = -x2 / ((2*i+1)*2*i)
# include <iostream.h>
void main()
{double y, x, t; int n;
int n;
cout<<enter x=;
cin>>x;
cout<<enter n=;
cin>>n;
y=x;
t=x;
for (int i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
t= -t*x*x/((2*i-1)*2*i)
y=y+t;
}
cout<<y=<<y;
}
5
