8.1
V=81 , , | 0,15 | |
: λ =632,8 , λ=1064 , | 0,26 0,61 | |
, =10 R=1 I=1 , | 22,25 | |
R=1 V10, /1/2, | 1,5×10-8 | |
R=1 I=1 , | 24,0 | |
, | 1000 | |
λ=1064 R=1 , | 1,73×10-8 |
, . .
. 8.20.
.8.20. .
, , , . - , (.8.20), , . , . , .
RH (.8.21) I I =0 ( ) (b+1) , I0. :
I=b(I0+I), (8.37)
bI0 - ; bI=b - ; - , b , , . .8.22. .8.22. .
, , .
, , b . , .. , . .
|
|
, .
.8.22. 1,1,2,2 - , 1 3 - , 2 - , - . |
p-n-p-n p-n , , . p-n-p
n-p-n , .8.22.
, .8.23.
.8.23.
(1<2<3) (u1, u2 u3). , .
, . .
, . PbS, CdS, PbSe . 1,1 , (3-4 ), -. , . - , .
. 8.24. - . .
1. . .- .: - ,1990
2. .. . -.: , 1988
3. .., .. .
-.: , 1979
4. . .- .: ,1990
5. .. . .
- .: .,1967
6. .. . .
-.: , 1976
7. .. . .: , 1983
8. .., .. .
-.: , 1970
9. .., .., .. .-:, 1990
10. .., .. .
-.: , 1982
11. .. . -.: , 1989
|
|
12. .., .. . -.: , 1981
13. .., .., .. .-.: ,1998
14. .. . , .-.: ,1998
15. .., .., .. .
-.: , 1990
16. .. . : , .
-.: , 1984
17. .. . -.: , 1999
18. .. . -.: , 2000
19. . . . . .. , - .: . , 1969
20. . .2. . ./ ....
-.: , 1978
Ņ.3
1 ...5
1.1 充...5
1.2 . 酅...7
1.3 셅.8
1.4 ..................... 11
1.5 . .. 15
1.6 ............................................................. 16
1.7 ().......................................................... 18
1.8 .................... 20
1.9 .............................................................. 21
1.10 .................... 23
1.11 ................................................................... 25
1.11.1 ......................................... 27
1.11.2 .................................. 28
1.11.3 .............................................................. 31
1.11.4 ........................ 34
1.11.5 ........................................................ 37
2 ............................................................. 40
2.1 .............................................................................. 41
2.2 ......................................................................... 42
2.3 ................................................. 43
2.4 ........................................................... 44
2.5 .......................................................... 47
2.6 ........................................ 49
3 ............................................................................ 57
3.1 ......................... 57
3.2 ...................... 59
3.3 ................................................................... 60
3.4 .............................................................................. 62
3.5 2-.......................................................................................... 62
4 ................................................. 64
4.1 ............. 64
4.1.1 ........................ 64
4.1.2 ..66
|
|
4.1.3 67
4.2 ....... 69
4.3 .... 72
4.4 ......... 76
4.5 ⅅ76
5 ......................................................... 78
5.1 ..................................................... 78
5.2 ....................................................... 85
5.3 ..................................................... 88
6 - ................................... 89
6.1 - ..................... 89
6.2 - ................ 90
6.3 - . 91
7 ................................................. 93
7.1 . .................... 93
7.2 , 95
7.3 ............................. 97
7.4 ................................................................... 99
7.5 ............................................................ 102
7.6 ....................... 104
8 ....................... 107
8.1 107
8.2 .................................. 109
8.3 .............................. 110
8.4 111
8.5 ........ 113
8.6 114
8.7 115
8.8 ............ 117
8.9 . .............................. 118
8.10 ...................... 120
8.11 .................................. 122
8.12 123
8.13 ..................................................................... 124
8.14 . . .................. 124
8.15 ................................................. 126
8.16 ...................................................................................... 128
8.17 ........................................................................... 136
8.18 .............................................................................. 137
8.19 138
ۅ........140
1 MASER LASER "Microwave (Light) Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation", " () ".