.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


-2-




8.1

 
  V=81 , , 0,15
  : λ =632,8 , λ=1064 ,     0,26 0,61
  , =10 R=1 I=1 ,     22,25
  R=1 V10, /1/2,   1,5×10-8
  R=1 I=1 ,   24,0
  , 1000
  λ=1064 R=1 , 1,73×10-8

 

 

, . .


. 8.20.

 
 

.8.20. .

 

, , , . - , (.8.20), , . , . , .

RH (.8.21) I I =0 ( ) (b+1) , I0. :

I=b(I0+I), (8.37)

 
 

bI0 - ; bI=b - ; - , b , , . .8.22. .8.22. .

 

, , .

, , b . , .. , . .

, .

 
 

  .8.22. 1,1,2,2 - , 1 3 - , 2 - , - .  

p-n-p-n p-n , , . p-n-p
n-p-n , .8.22.

 

, .8.23.

 
 

.8.23.

 

(1<2<3) (u1, u2 u3). , .

, . .

 

 

, . PbS, CdS, PbSe . 1,1 , (3-4 ), -. , . - , .

. 8.24. - . .

 

1. . .- .: - ,1990

2. .. . -.: , 1988

3. .., .. .

-.: , 1979

4. . .- .: ,1990

5. .. . .

- .: .,1967

6. .. . .

-.: , 1976

7. .. . .: , 1983

8. .., .. .
-.: , 1970

9. .., .., .. .-:, 1990

10. .., .. .
-.: , 1982

11. .. . -.: , 1989

12. .., .. . -.: , 1981

13. .., .., .. .-.: ,1998

14. .. . , .-.: ,1998

15. .., .., .. .

-.: , 1990

16. .. . : , .
-.: , 1984

17. .. . -.: , 1999

18. .. . -.: , 2000

19. . . . . .. , - .: . , 1969

20. . .2. . ./ ....

-.: , 1978

 


 

Ņ.3

1 …...5

1.1 充...5

1.2 . 酅...7

1.3 셅.8

1.4 ..................... 11

1.5 . .. 15

1.6 ............................................................. 16

1.7 ().......................................................... 18

1.8 .................... 20

1.9 .............................................................. 21

1.10 .................... 23

1.11 ................................................................... 25

1.11.1 ......................................... 27

1.11.2 .................................. 28

1.11.3 .............................................................. 31

1.11.4 ........................ 34

1.11.5 ........................................................ 37

2 ............................................................. 40

2.1 .............................................................................. 41

2.2 ......................................................................... 42

2.3 ................................................. 43

2.4 ........................................................... 44

2.5 .......................................................... 47

2.6 ........................................ 49

3 ............................................................................ 57

3.1 ......................... 57

3.2 ...................... 59

3.3 ................................................................... 60

3.4 .............................................................................. 62

3.5 2-.......................................................................................... 62

4 ................................................. 64

4.1 ............. 64

4.1.1 ........................ 64

4.1.2 ..66

4.1.3 67

4.2 ....... 69

4.3 .... 72

4.4 ......... 76

4.5 ⅅ76

5 ......................................................... 78

5.1 ..................................................... 78

5.2 ....................................................... 85

5.3 ..................................................... 88

6 - ................................... 89

6.1 - ..................... 89

6.2 - ................ 90

6.3 - . 91

7 ................................................. 93

7.1 . .................... 93

7.2 , 95

7.3 ............................. 97

7.4 ................................................................... 99

7.5 ............................................................ 102

7.6 ....................... 104

8 ....................... 107

8.1 107

8.2 .................................. 109

8.3 .............................. 110

8.4 111

8.5 ........ 113

8.6 114

8.7 115

8.8 ............ 117

8.9 . .............................. 118

8.10 ...................... 120

8.11 .................................. 122

8.12 123

8.13 ..................................................................... 124

8.14 . . .................. 124

8.15 ................................................. 126

8.16 ...................................................................................... 128

8.17 ........................................................................... 136

8.18 .............................................................................. 137

8.19 138

ۅ........140


1 MASER LASER "Microwave (Light) Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation", " () ".

 

 





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