1.
. (SMP), , , , (MPP). SMP MPP NUMA- (Non Uniform Memory Access), , . . Cray T3D 6 , .
: - , SMP , MPP . .
1.1. -
- , -, , , -, , [2]. , . . , (2-16) (SMP), , MPP-. CRAY J90/T90, CRAY SV1, NEC SX-4/SX-5.
1.2. SMP
SMP , , (. 1). .
. 1. .
, , , . , . , , . 20 100% , . , , (-), . , , , . -, .
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SMP , , 32 , NUMA-, , 256 150 . . 2 64 60 . .
1.3. ()
, (. 2).
. 2. .
, , , /, .. . ( RS/6000 SP2), , , (Cray T3E, nCUBE2). , , . - . . MPP (ASCI Red - 9632, Blue Mountain - 6144), 2 Tflops (2 /)[*]. . , . , .
[*] Tflops - . , 1 . (1 Tflops = 1 /)
.4.
, MPP . MPP , : . , , , MPI (. 2.2), , . , .
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, , . , , , COCOA [3], 25 $100000 , 48- Cray T3D . , , SMP - .
- , . :
, , , , , ;
, , , , , .
, , , , -. . -, , - , . -, .
, , SMP NUMA.
. Ethernet, . ScaLAPACK, , , : " , Mbyte/sec, 1/10 , Mflops"[*] [4]. 1/10 , , 10% . , Pentium III 500 Mhz ( 500 Mflop), Fast Ethernet ( 10 Mbyte/sec) 1/5 . Gigabit Ethernet.
, SCI Scali Computer (~80 Mbyte/sec) Mirynet (~40 Mbyte/sec). - (SUN, Compaq, Silicon Graphics).
1. .. : . . .: . . . .. ., 1990. 320 .
2. http://rsusu1.rnd.runnet.ru/tutor/method/m1/page02.html