1. I am a teacher. 2. You are in the classroom. 3. We are all students. 4. Some of the students are boys. 5. Two and two are four. 6. That answer is right. 7. They are here. 8. He is near the window. 9. There are only two books in the picture. 10. There are a great many people in London. 11. There is a book on the table. 12. There is a train at the station. 13. My parents were happy. 14. The bus stop was at the end of the street. 15. Your favourite sport was skating. 16. He was married. 17. We were thirsty. 18. It was cold two days ago. 19. It will be dark soon dark. 20. He will be at college next year.
Exercise 10. Say if the verb to be is:
a) notional, b) link verb, c) modal, d) auxiliary.
1. There are a lot of things to do. 2. Its six oclock. He is at home at this time. 3. She is too young to understand it. 4. The whole country is going on strike. 5. The new film is to be on at our cinema next week. 6. He is taking his English exam tomorrow. 7. The football match will be shown on TV. 8. The door was open. 9. She is to return on Saturday. 10. It was a nasty day. It was raining cats and dogs. 11.1 was surprised that there was so little traffic in the streets. 12. Sentence 5 is on page 15. 13. What am I to do? 14. Sunday is my day off. 15. My mother was 40 yesterday. 16. Have you ever been in trouble? 17. Salads are often made of vegetables. 18. His pet is called Nancy.
Exercise 11. Translate into English, using to be .
1. (South Federal University). 2. , PR . 3. . - . 4. - (Slavonic and West European department). 5. (accountant)? - , . 6. , (to be on a leave). 7. , - (hostel, hospice). 8. (lawyer). . 9. ? - , . 10. ? - , . - . 11. ? - , (financier). 12. (fishing)? , . 13. ? - . - ? - , . 14. - . . 15. (professional soldier). (medical officer).
Exercise 12. Translate into English, using to be .
1. , . 2. ? . 3. , , (absent-minded). 4. , . 5. , (the Beetles). 6. ? 7. . 8. (to be true), ? 9. . 10. ? 11. (choice). 12. . . 13. ? . . 14. (Hurry up)! . 15. . (painstaking) . 16. . (traffic jam). 17. , . 18. ? , , (to be engaged). 19. . . 20. (classical painting).
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THE VERB TO HAVE
Present Past Future
| Per son | Sin gular | Per son | Plu ral | Per son | Sin gular | Per son | Plu ral | Per son | Sin gular | Per son | Plu ral |
| I | have | we | have | I | had | we | had | I | will have | we | will have |
| you | have | you | had | you | will have | ||||||
| he she it | has | they | have | he she it | had | they | had had | he she it | will have | they | will have |
I. The verb to have has a meaning of to possess.
In affirmative sentences the form of the verb to have immediately follows the subject:
I have a dog. They had four lessons today. We will have a day off on the 10th of September.
In interrogative sentences two variants are possible in the present:
1. the form of the verb to have is placed before the subject:
Have you a flat? Has she many friends?
2. the auxiliary verb to do is placed before the subject:
Do we have enough money? Does he have free time?
The second variant is more common in modern speech. In the past only the second variant is possible:
Did you have a spare pen? Did they have a book?
In negative sentences also two variants are possible:
1. the negative particle not is placed after the form of the verb to have:
I have not anything to do. She had not any pet.
2. the auxiliary verb to do and the negative particle not are placed after the subject:
He does not have food. We do not have good equipment.
I did not have your article.
As in interrogative sentences in negative ones the second variant is also more common.
In the future the verb will is placed before the subject in interrogative sentences and the negative particle not is placed after the verb will in negative sentences: Will you have enough time to do this task? I will not have free time tomorrow.
II. Got- forms of have.
In conversation and informal writing, the double form have got is used in British English.
Ive got a new boyfriend (Sounds more natural in speech than I have a new boyfriend).
Ive got a headache.
It is less used to talk about repeated and habitual states:
- I have / Ive got toothache. I often have toothache.
In forming questions and negative sentences the auxiliary verb to dois not used: Has your sister got a car? I havent got your keys.
Have you got time to go to London this weekend?
Got -forms of have are not used in short answers and tags:
Have you got a light? No, I havent. Annes got a bike, hasnt she?
Got -forms of have are not used in the past tense:
I had flu last week.
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The functions of the verb to have
The verb to have can perform the following functions in the sentence:
1. that of a notional verb:
They have three cars. Have you got any brothers or sisters?
2. that of an auxiliary verb (to form perfect tenses in the active and passive voice):
I have lost my key. I realised that I had met him before.
3. that of a modal verb (it expresses obligation):
You have to finish the translation. I had to work last Saturday.
4. Had better + Infinitive without to ( in the meaning of It would be better)
is used to give strong advice, or to tell people what to do (including ourselves):
Youd better turn this music down before your Dad gets angry.
Its seven oclock. Id better put the meat in the oven.
5. Have + object is often used to talk about actions and experiences:
to have breakfast / tea / coffee / a drink;
to have a bath / a shave / a shower;
to have a rest / a sleep / a dream;
to have a good time / a bad day / a holiday / a day off;
to have good journey / flight / trip;
to have a talk / a chat / a word with smb / a conversation / a row / a quarrel / a fight;
to have a swim / a walk / a ride / a dance / a game of tennis;
to have a look
to have difficulty / trouble (in the meaning of encounter -)
6. Have can be followed by object + infinitive (without to) and object + past participle.
a) Have + object + infinitive can mean cause somebody to do something. This is mostly used in American English, to talk about giving instructions or orders.
Im ready to see Mr Smith. Have him come in, please.
The manager had everybody fill out a form.
b) Have + object + past participle (= have something done) can mean cause something to be done by somebody else. The past participle has a passive meaning.
I must have my watch repaired. (= I want my watch to be repaired.)
Im going to have my hair cut this afternoon.
If you dont get out of my house Ill have you arrested.
EXERCISES
Exercise 1. Use to be or to have in the Present Indefinite Tense.
1. You... welcome. 2. The metro station... far from my house. 3. Mary and Nelly... friends. 4. She... out. 5. It... 5 oclock now. 6. She... a nice flat. 7. We... a little child. She... four. 8. They... a big car. It... red. 9. How... you? 10. How old... Mary? 11. How many children... they? 12. What country... she from? 13. We... well. 14. They... a small cottage. It... far away. 15. She... at home. 16. She... no time. 17. He... bad habits. 18. How far... it from here? 19. It... easy to ask him about it. 20. It... not good of her to say so. 21. She... two mistakes in the test. Her mistakes... bad. 22. They... glad to see her. 23. It... a rainy day... he an umbrella with him?
