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Basic English Grammar Course. . /: , 2012. 132 .
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CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION ___________________________________________________ 5
MODULE I. The Verbs to Be, to Have. _______________________________8
1.1. The Verb to Be.___________________________________________8
1.2. Exercises.________________________________________________ 10
1.3. The Verb to Have.________________________________________12
1.4. Exercises.________________________________________________ 14
1.5. Tasks for Self-Control. Module I._____________________________ 16
1.6. Revision. Module I.________________________________________ 17
1.7. Progress Test I.____________________________________________18
MODULE II. The Construction There+to Be. Impersonal Sentences._________25
2.1. The Construction There+to Be._____________________________ 25
2.2. Exercises.________________________________________________ 26
2.3. Impersonal Sentences.______________________________________ 29
2.4. Exercises.________________________________________________ 29
2.5. Tasks for Self-Control. Module II._____________________________31
2.6. Revision. Module II.________________________________________33
2.7. Progress Test II.___________________________________________ 34
MODULE III. Imperatives. Types of Questions. __________________________ 41
3.1. Imperative Sentences._______________________________________41
3.2. Exercises.________________________________________________ 41
3.3. Types of Questions.________________________________________ 43
3.4. Exercises.________________________________________________ 45
3.5. Tasks for Self-Control. Module III.____________________________ 47
3.6. Revision. Module III._______________________________________48
3.7. Progress Test III.__________________________________________ 49
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MODULE IV. The Nouns.____________________________________________ 52
4.1. The Noun. Plural of Nouns. _________________________________ 52
4.2. Exercises.________________________________________________ 55
4.3. The Possessive Case of the Nouns.____________________________ 57
4.4. Exercises.________________________________________________ 58
4.5. Tasks for Self-Control. Module IV.____________________________60
4.6. Revision. Module IV._______________________________________60
4.7. Progress Test IV.__________________________________________ 62
MODULE V. The Quantifiers. _________________________________________67
5.1. The Numerals. ____________________________________________67
5.2. Exercises.________________________________________________ 69
5.3. Much, Many, Little, a Little, Few, a Few._______________________ 71
5.4. Exercises.________________________________________________ 71
5.5. Tasks for Self-Control. Module V._____________________________74
5.6. Revision. Module V._______________________________________ 75
5.7. Progress Test V.___________________________________________76
MODULE VI. The Pronouns. _________________________________________ 81
6.1. Types of the pronouns.______________________________________81
6.2. Exercises.________________________________________________ 85
6.3. Tasks for Self-Control. Module VI. ___________________________ 92
6.4. Revision. Module VI._______________________________________94
6.5. Progress Test VI.__________________________________________ 97
MODULE VII. The Adjectives and Adverbs._____________________________103
7.1. The Adjectives. Degrees of Comparison._______________________103
7.2. Exercises._______________________________________________ 107
7.3. The Adverbs. Degrees of Comparison.________________________ 114
7.4. Exercises._______________________________________________ 117
7.5. Tasks for Self-Control. Module VII. __________________________120
7.6. Revision. Module VII._____________________________________ 123
7.7. Progress Test VII._________________________________________126
RATING SCALE__________________________________________________ 132
BIBLIOGRAPHY _________________________________________________ 132
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BASIC ENGLISH GRAMMAR COURSE
| 1. | The Verbs to Be, to Have. | : The Verbs to Be, to Have. | to Be, to Have. t , to Have. to Have Got to Have. to Be, to Have. |
| 2. | The Construction There+to Be. Impersonal Sentences. | : The Construction There+to Be, Impersonal Sentences. | There + to Be. . It is /there is. |
| 3. | Imperatives. Types of Questions. | : Imperatives. Types of Questions. | . . . . . , , . |
| 4. | The Nouns. | : The Nouns. | . . . . |
| 5. | The Quantifiers. | : The Numerals: Much, Many, Few, Little. | . . . . . . |
| 6. | The Pronouns. | : The Pronouns. | . : , , , , , , , , , . |
| 7. | The Adjectives and Adverbs. | : The Adjectives and Adverbs. | . . - . . . . |
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MODULE I
THE VERBS TO BE, TO HAVE
THE VERB TO BE
Present Past Future
| Per son | Sin gular | Per son | Plu ral | Per son | Sin gular | Per son | Plu ral | Per son | Sin gular | Per son | Plural |
| I | am | we | are | I | was | we | were | I | will be | we | will be |
| you | are | you | were | you | will be | ||||||
| he she it | is | they | are | he she it | was | they | were | he she it | will be | they | will be |
In affirmative sentences the form of the verb to be immediately follows the subject:
She is a student. They were at home. I will be there.
In interrogative sentences the form of the verb to be is placed before the subject: Is he your brother? Were you married?
In negative sentences the negative particle not is placed after the form of the verb to be:
I am not a doctor. We were not ready.
In the future the verb will is placed before the subject in interrogative sentences and the negative particle not is placed after the verb will in negative sentences: Will you be at home? It will not be good.
The functions of the verb to be
The verb to be can perform the following functions in the sentence:
1. that of a notional verb:
He is here. I was at home. You will be at the library.
2. that of an auxiliary verb (to form tenses in the active and passive voice):
They are running very fast (the present continuous tense).
Were you reading when the telephone rang? (the past continuous tense)
The doctor was sent for (passive voice).
The capital of China is called Beijing. (passive voice)
3. that of a modal verb:
We were to meet at the station at five (expresses arrangement or agreement, part of a plan).
You are to stay at home till your mother comes ( expresses orders and instructions).
4. that of a link verb in the compound nominal predicate where the nominal part may be expressed by a noun, an adjective, a pronoun, a numeral, etc.:
He is a pupil. The sea is beautiful. We are four. It was he.
5. The verb to be is used to talk about mental or physical condition:
to be hungry (thirsty, warm, hot, cold, sleepy, afraid, lucky, right, wrong).
6. The verb to be is used to talk about age, height, weight, length, size, shape, colour:
Im nearly forty. He is six feet tall. The room is 10 metres long. What size are your shoes? What colour are his eyes?
7. The verb to beis used in the construction there + to be:
There is a radiator under the window.
Note! The sentence There is a table in the room is more often used than The table is in the room.
8. The verb to be is not used in the continuous form.
But we can use the structure I am being/you are being + adjective/noun to talk about actions and behaviour in a particular situation, but not to talk about feelings:
Youre being stupid = Youre doing stupid things.
I was being very careful = I was doing something very carefully.
But: I am happy (a feeling). I was very depressed when you phoned (a feeling).
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9. Normally be is used without the auxiliary do: Im not often sick.
But do is used to make negative imperative sentences with be (when we tell smb. not to do smth.)
Dont be silly! Dont be such a nuisance!
And do be can begin emphatic sentences:
Do be careful! Do be quiet, for Gods sake!
10. Set expressions with the verb to be:
to be right -
to be wrong -
to be well -
to be healthy -
to be ill/ sick -
to be glad -
to be pleased with - -
to be lucky -
to be satisfied with - -
to be mistaken -
to be hungry -
to be thirsty -
to be angry with - -
to be afraid of - - (-)
to be interested in - -
to be late -
to be on time -
to be in / to be at home -
to be out -
to be at work -
to be married - ()
to be single - ( )
EXERCISES
Exercise 1. Fill in m, s, re, m not, isnt or arent,as in the example.
1. We arent old. We re young. 2. My favourite sport is tennis. It... golf. 3. The Pyramids . in Paris. Theyre in Cairo. 4. I .. from Spain. Im from Mexico. 5. She isnt Stella. She .. Molly. 6. Im not Bill. I .. Tom. 7. The Taj Mahal isnt in Ottawa. It .. in Agra. 8. They .. from Poland. Theyre from Sweden. 8. Jill .. my friend. She isnt my sister. 9. I .. 24 years old. Im 27.
Exercise 2. Fill in am, is, or are.
1. Roses and daisies and tulips are grown in our flower garden. 2. A garden .. a place where we grow fruit trees. 3. Fruit .. good for you to eat. Eating fruit helps us to be healthy. 4. Glass .. used to make things. Windows .. made of glass. Glass .. something hard that you can usually see through. It .. easy to break glass. 5. I .. happy. .. you happy too? 6. A kangaroo .. a large animal that eats plants. They.. good jumpers. 7. A mother .. sometimes called Mom or Mommy. 8. Neighbours .. people who live near one another. 9. Georgia and Ross.. not neighbours, they live far from one another.
Exercise 3. Insert was or were.
1. I.... was.... working on a puzzle. I .. trying to put all the pieces of the puzzle together. 2. Dianas cold .. worse yesterday. Her cold is not as bad today as it .. yesterday. 3. I dont think you .. right. 4. A zoo .. a place where I liked to go when I .. seven. 5. The rain started to fall from clouds. Some clouds .. white and puffy. Other clouds .. big and dark.
