joy join joint [ɔ: - ɔı] all - oil
boy boys voice ball - boil
toy toys moist corn - coin
coy coin choice tore - toy
cloy soiled hoist jaw - joy
Roy boiled point bore - boy
II. Read the sentences. Follow the tonetic marks.
1. Boys will be boys. .
2. The noise is annoying. .
3. Join me in the voyage. .
4. Its beyond the point. .
5. Whats the boiling point of oil? ?
6. Theres no joy without alloy. .
7. Joice is so hoity-toity.
.
8. Boys take enjoyment in spoiling toys. .
III. Observe the correct pronunciation of the rhythmic groups and the diphthong
[ɔı].
I was an`noyed. | I was an'noyed at the `boy. | I was an'noyed at the 'boy for 'spoiling the `toy. | I was an'noyed at the 'boy for 'spoiling the 'toy which be'longed to `Joy. ||
IV. Match the following English idioms, proverbs and sayings with their Russian equivalents. Make up situations to illustrate their usage.
1. Joys shared with others are more enjoyed. a. .
2. Choice of the end covers the choice of means. b.
3. keep to the point c.
4. turn the midnight oil d.
5. a fly in the ointment e.
V. Practise the pronunciation of the following rhyme and learn it by heart.
Take me Back to Toyland
Song
Please take me back to Toyland,
Evryones happy there.
Its more than a girl and a boy land,
Where dreams, just like toys, can be shared.
If you believe in Toyland,
Believe in things that you cannot see;
All the world would become a Joyland.
What a wonderful world this would be!
VI. Pronounce the tongue twister in the quickest possible way. Observe the correct
articulation of [ɔı].
What kind of noise annoys an oyster?
A noisy noise annoys an oyster.
Section 3
I. Test. Tick the words you recognize in the sentences you hear:
| 1. a) corn; | b) coin |
| 2. a) bawling; | b) boiling |
| 3. a) all; | b) oil |
| 4. a) aw; | b) oi |
| 5. a) bore; | b) boy |
| 6. a) all; | b) oil |
II. Listen to the dialogue and learn it by heart.
Joyces Rolls Royce
(Joyce takes her Rolls Royce to the garage.)
Garage boy: What a terrible noise!
Joyce: Er?
Garage boy: (raising his voice) WHAT A TERRIBLE NOISE! This is the
noisiest Rolls Royce Ive ever heard.
Joyce: (pointing) Its out of oil.
Garage boy: Out of oil? And look! The waters boiling. Madam, a Rolls Royce
isnt a toy. Perhaps youve spoilt the motor or even destroyed it.
Joyce: How annoying! While youre changing the oil, Ill go and visit my
boyfriend, Roy.
Review questions and tasks.
1. What is speech rhythm?
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2. What kinds of speech rhythm exist?
3. Enumerate the characteristic features of English rhythm.
4. Define a rhythmic group.
5. Divide the following sentences into rhythmic groups:
1) Johns away on business.
2) They went for a walk in the park.
3) I hope you wont be late for your train.
4) The weather in England can change very quickly.
5) They couldnt have chosen a better time for their holiday.
6. How does rhythm influence stress?
7. Explain rhythmical variations of double-stressed words in connected speech.
1) He has afternoon tea. Nearly every afternoon.
2) He was an unknown poet. He was quite unknown.
3) She is fifteen years old. She is just fifteen.
8. Give your own examples using the following words:
sixteen, good-looking, look through, conversation
9. What recommendations may be given a learner to help him acquire a good English rhythm?
Unit 15
Section 1
Make a careful study of the text below and pick out the terms related to phonetics.
Types of Heads
The head in English is an extremely flexible segment of the intonation pattern. One and the same sentence may be pronounced with different scales
(= heads), which results in changing the emotional coloring of the utterance and the meaning implied.
According to their general pitch direction head patterns are classified into
3 main groups: I. descending, II. ascending and III. level.
I. In descending heads the voice moves down from a medium/high pitch level to the low one. The first stressed syllable is the highest.
e.g. He æ doesnt 'want to 'go there on foot.
Phoneticians elicit 4 variations of the descending head:
a) stepping (when stressed syllable go down by steps and unstressed or partially stressed syllables are pronounced on the same level):
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* Gradually descending stepping scales is a typical feature of English intonation.
b) falling (is similar to the stepping head but the unstressed or partially stressed syllables are uttered lower than the preceding stressed segments):
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c) scandent (when unstressed or partially stressed syllables are pronounced higher than the stressed ones):
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d) sliding (when the voice moves down by slides within stressed syllables):
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Thus, one can draw a conclusion that the first three scales only differ in the pronunciation of their unstressed or partially stressed syllables.
Quite often gradually descending heads are broken by the so-called accidental (special) rise. It is typical of emotionally coloured speech when the speaker wants to single out one particular word in a phrase.
e.g. I ægot ac'quainted with ↑lots of 'interesting people there.
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II. In ascending heads the voice goes up, the first stressed syllable being low in the pitch.
e.g. He ädoesnt 'want to 'go there on foot.
a) If the voice moves up by steps, the head is called rising:
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b) If the voice moves up by slides, the head is called climbing:
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III. In level heads all the syllables are pronounced on the same note. They only
differ in the level and, accordingly, fall into 3 variations:
A) High Level Head
e.g. He doesnt 'want to 'go there on foot.
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B) Medium Level Head
e.g. He doesnt 'want to 'go there on foot.
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C) Low Level Head
e.g. He doesnt 'want to 'go there on foot.
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Section 2 [ au ]
(the nucleus is central, open (broad variant), unrounded)
I. Observe the position of the lips and the tongue for the sound [au]. Make the glide
very smooth. Pay attention to the positional length of the diphthong [au].
bow bowed bout [α:- au]car - cow
cow cowed count bar - bow
how hound house bra - brow
row round rout grass - grouse
plough ploughed doubt arch - ouch
now loud louse tarn - town
II. Read the sentences. Follow the tonetic marks.
1. Out of doubt. .
2. How about an outing? , ?
3. Count Brown out. .
4. Fowlers down and out. .
5. Miss Brown brought out the house.
6. Lowries down in the mouth. .
7. Now, how would Brown work , ?
that problem out?
8. Out of the house to the grounds! -, !
III. Observe the correct pronunciation of the rhythmic groups and the diphthong
[au].
`How? | 'How have you 'found `out? | 'How have you 'found out a`bout it? | 'How have you 'found out a'bout that `row? ||
IV. Match the following English idioms, proverbs and sayings with their Russian
equivalents. Make up situations to illustrate their usage.
1. From mouth to mouth. a.
2. take the words out of smbs mouth b.
3. be up and about c. -
4. out of bounds d.
Section 2
I. Test. Tick the words you recognize in the sentences you hear:
1. a) car; b) cow
2. a) grass; b) grouse
3. a) bra; b) brow
4. a) ha; b) how
5. a) ah; b) ow!
6. a) tarn; b) town
II. Listen to the dialogue and learn it by heart.
A Mouse in the House
Mrs. Brown: (shouting loudly) IVE FOUND A MOUSE!
Mr. Brown: Oh! Youre shouting too loudly. Sit down and dont shout.
Mrs. Brown: (sitting down) Ive found a mouse in the house.
Mr. Brown: A brown mouse?
Mrs. Brown: Yes. A little round mouse. Its running around in the lounge.
Mr. Brown: On the ground?
Mrs. Brown: Yes. Its under the couch now.
Mr. Brown: Well, get it out.
Mrs. Brown: How?
Mr. Brown: Turn the couch upside-down. Get it out somehow. We dont want
a mouse in our house. Ours is the cleanest house in the town!
