The state
The state is a product of society at a definite stage of its development. Private property divides men and allows them to exploit each other and in this way class contradictions begin. The special machinery created by class of exploiters – the state helps them to keep order. In a class society the state is an instrument of political power of ruling class. The state is a system of official institutions and organs. This system of organs is the machinery of government, the state machine. This machine includes such organs as the army, the police, the courts. The other part of the state machine consists of the system of state organs including the chief of the state (an individual or collective), parliament, government, departments and the other organs. These organs are political; they are the organs of state power of the ruling class. The constitution, legislation or traditions regulate the power of each state organ. Different types of states have different functions. That’s why we speak about the state only as the historical category.
Ответьте на вопросы:
1. What is this text about?
2. The state is a system, isn’t it? Describe the system by your own.
3. What components does the state consists of?
4. How does each state organ regulate?
2. Choose the correct variant based on the information from the text:
1. The state is a product of society
a) on the first of September;
b) at the beginning of the century;
c) at definite stage of its development.
3. The state machine consists of the system of state organs
a) including different public institutions;
b) including the chief of the state, parliament, government, departments and the other organs;
c) including constitution, legislation or traditions/
Choose the correct form of verb
1. The TV __________________ down, while we ___________ the news.
a) break ………… watched
b) broke ………… was watching
c) broke ………… were watching
2. _________ you _______to go home now?
a) Have …. wanted
b) Do …. want
c) Did want
3. She ___________ to London next month
a) went
b) will go
c) go
4. I’m going to the movie tonight. I ___________ the film twice.
a) have seen
b) saw
c) see
5. Look, the water _________________. I’ll make you some coffee.
a) boils
b) boiled
c) is boiling
6. He _____________ faster than we _____________, when we were younger.
a) runs… did
b) run…did
c) run… do
7. I ________________through the instructions, but I don’t understand them.
a) have looked
b) looks
c) are looking
8. He said he __________________ his umbrella.
a) has lost
b) had lost
c) lose
4. Образуйте форму множественного числа существительных:
a film, a tie, a pencil, a face, a cap, an apple, a match, a bag, a dish, a dog, a wife, a city, a car, a letter, a sister.
5. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя существительные в притяжательном падеже:
карандаш Тэда, пальто того человека, имя ее брата, платья Энн, велосипед того парня, моих детей зовут (имена моих детей), шляпа моей жены.
6. Поставьте вопросы к выделенным членам предложения:
1.Our workers usually visit different countries during the vocation. 2. We meet our friend every day. 3. Most people go to the country in the summer because it is hot in town.
7. Укажите от каких существительных образованы следующие прилагательные. Переведите существительные и прилагательные на русский язык:
Beautiful, homeless, historic, useful, powerful.
8. Напишите предложения 1, 2, 4, 6 в вопросительной форме; 3, 5, 7, 8 в отрицательной:
1. It’s difficult to write in English. 2. It often rains in autumn. 3. It snows in autumn. 4. It is not pleasant to stay in town on hot days. 5. It often rains in winter. 6. It is cold in winter. 7. It is winter now. 8. Is it pleasant to be late for the lesson?
9. Из слов правого столбца составьте предложения, соответствующие русским:
| 1. | На улице темно? | is, in the street, dark, it? |
| 2. | Когда светит солнце, здесь очень жарко. | when, shines, hot, the sun, it, very, here, is |
| 3. | Если вы откроете окно, здесь будет холодно. | you, open, it, be, cold, if, the window, will, here |
| 4. | Когда становится темно, мы включаем свет. | it, dark, switch on, when, we, the light, becomes |
| 5. | Когда становится светло, мы выключаем свет. | switch off, we, when, light, it, the light, becomes |
10. Переведите на английский язык следующие словосочетания:
Прекрасные фильмы; мои документы; новые книги; старые газеты; мужчины и женщины; сотрудники учреждения; начальник отдела
11. Образуйте форму 3-го лица ед.числа Present Indefinite от следующих глаголов:
(to) close, ski, fish, answer, sleep, sneeze, tell, put, live, open, come, go
