1. Law may be regarded as rules governing behavior between people.
___________________________________________________
2. No nation which does not have an informed population in jurisprudence can be strong and free.
___________________________________________________
3. In the U.S.A. judges may be elected or appointed and, with rare exceptions, must be lawyers.
___________________________________________________
4. General jurisdiction means that a court can consider any type of case.
__________________________________________________
5. In both criminal and civil proceedings, a document must be filed with the court to start a proceeding.
__________________________________________________
Task 10. (, , ), :
acquittal, supreme, legally, hereditary, legislative, annually, justice, innocent, property, burglary
Task 11. :
1. A consists of twelve men and women, chosen from ordinary people in local community.
a. Magistrates' Court b. cabinet c. jury d. court
__________________________________________________
2. An injured person brings action... a wrongdoer.
a. for b. between c. with d. against
__________________________________________________
3. The judge the case carefully and attained the verdict that the lady was innocent.
a. brought b. understood c. complied d. investigated
_________________________________________________
4. The policeman decided to the passerby, the man being ready to help.
a. question b. sue c. subject d. arrest
_________________________________________________
5. The courts must citizens' rights.
a. interpret b. defend c. explain d. perform
___________________________________________________
Task 12. , .
The Law of Torts
The law of tort is essentially the law of injuries and remedies for those injuries. Torts can thus include assault, battery, false imprisonment, negligence, invasion of privacy, defamation, fraud, trespass and other wrongs. Some of these wrongs may be both civil and criminal in nature. A battery, for example, may be prosecuted by the state as a violation of the criminal statutes. The offender may be sentenced to prison and be ordered to pay a fine to the state. In some cases, he may also be ordered to pay restitution to the victim. However, the battery may also be a civil tort as well. The victim (the plaintiff ) may sue in civil court for the tort of battery. If the plaintiff is successful, the defender will be ordered to pay compensatory damages (to compensate for the injury) and punitive damages (to punish the defendant far having caused the act). In the United States, it is commonly believed that courts will enter punitive damages in an amount that is roughly three times the size of the compensatory damages (which are sometimes called the special damages by plaintiffs lawyers).Thus, the essential purpose of the law of torts is compensatory and, though punitive damages may occasionally be awarded, its function is distinct from that of criminal law. Criminal law is essentially punitive and an injured party is not awarded compensation in the criminal proceedings.
|
|
|
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
:
.
1. _____________________________
2. ___________________________________
3. __________________________________________
4. _____________________________
5. ___________________
______________________________________________
.
1. What can tort include?
___________________________________________________
2. Give some example of wrongs that can be both civil and criminal by nature?
__________________________________________________
:
The offender may be sentenced to prison and be ordered to pay a fine to the state.
______________________________________
.
Elections.
Britain is a democracy. Men and women over 18 years have a vote. They have the right to elect a representative to Parliament. Voting is not compulsory. The simple majority system of voting is used in elections in Britain. This means that the candidate with the largest number of votes in each constituency is elected. British citizens may stand and be elected as members of Parliament if they are aged 21or over and are not subject to any disqualification. Those disqualified include bankrupts, people sentences to more than one years imprisonment, clergy of the Church of England, Church of Scotland, Church of Ireland, Roman Catholic Church, peers, members of the regular armed forces or the police service and some others. Citizens in all the various British constituencies vote for their local members. The British government is elected for 5 years and it is the Prime Minister who chooses the date of the next General Elections. Then the Prime Minister usually asks the Queen to dissolve Parliament. So, the election campaign is launched all over the country and it lasts about 3 weeks. Voting takes place on Polling Day. When the results are known and it becomes clear what party has a majority of seats in the House of Commons, its leader forms a government by Her Majestys request.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
