, CSMA /CD, - , . , , , IPG. , , . , IPG, Ethernet (. . 10.2).
. 12304 ( IPG), 12000 .
(, , wire speed) Fast Ethernet
, , Fast Ethernet 100 /,
, . ( ) - .
, Fast Ethernet N 12,2 / - , . 12,2/N /, - , ( , ). , (late collision) , FCS .
, (network utilization), ( ). . , , , - - , .
, Ethernet Fast Ethernet 30%. . 80...90% , ( ) , . , , Fast Ethernet, .
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. 10.2 , (offered load), , . , , ( ). , . "" . , , , .
. 10.2. (1 , 2 , 3 )
"" (overload) CSMA /CD : , 80% ( 20% - ). Ethernet (Ethernet collapse), . , , Fast Ethernet. , , . , CSMA /CD, , , . , - .