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, , , , , , - . , , . 70- , . , , [7, c. 13].

. , , , , . , , , . , , - . . , 1984 .

. : , , , , , , , . , , , - . , , .

. 1987 . . , , , . , . [8, c. 45].

. - 1988 ., 1990 . () .

1990 . . , , , , , . .

1991 . . 1991 . . . 28 1992 . . 1992 . . , . , , [7, c. 19].

, , , , 1993 . - - , , 1994 .

 

47 . . , , , . - - 4 : , , . , , . 70%, 10%, , , - 9%, - 2.5% [13, c. 1].

, , , , XIX . .

, , , , , . .

: , , , . , , ( ) -, .

, , - , . : ( ), ( ), ( ), , , , , , . . , .

. , , , , , , . .

. , : , , , , , , , , , , . . . . . () [14, c. 56].

11 , : , , , , , , , , , , . 1996 , . 22,9% . - 17,9%; - 14,4%; - 9,2%. 8,6% . .

, 11 ( ), 11 :

-Republiek van Suid-Afrika (),

-Republic of South Africa (),

-IRiphabliki yeSewula Afrika ( ),

-IRiphabliki yaseMzantsi Afrika (),

-IRiphabliki yaseNingizimu Afrika (),

-Rephaboliki ya Afrika-Borwa ( ),

-Rephaboliki ya Afrika Borwa (),

-Rephaboliki ya Aforika Borwa (),

-IRiphabhulikhi yeNingizimu Afrika (),

-Riphabuḽiki ya Afurika Tshipembe (),

-Riphabliki ra Afrika Dzonga ().

, , , , .

( , ), ( , ), . , , . - [4, c. 66].

, :

-;

-;

- (, );

- .

, -, , , , , (, . .)

- , . , .

 

8% , .

(1948-1994 .) - 2 , , (), . , . .

. , , , , , , - , , . , , , [15, c. 17].

, . : , , .

, .

- takkies, tackie or tekkie - sneakers (American) - trainers (British) ;

- combi kombi - , Volkswagen Kombi;

- bakkie pick-up truck ;

- lekker nice ;

- dagga - cannabis ;

- braai - barbecue ;

- jol - party .

, , ja [= yes ] ( ) , yes, yeah or well.

ja-nee ( yes-no, ). , , , , , .

, , , [16, c. 39].

: mom ( mum), freeway highway (British English motorway), cellphone (British and Australian English - mobile).

, . , , , , .


1

, , .

British English South African English
bond ; (, )
packet ,
cafe ; ; convenience store
circle ,

 

, , , . , , geyser (=water-heater, boiler), robot (=a traffic light).

. , , , just now, [18, c. 58].

, ( ) just, now. C just now this very minute (, ), in a while ( - ) later ( ). Now now .

just now , Kiva ( ).

2

just now

I was making tea and asked my husband's five year-old cousin if he'd like some.
'Just now' he said.
So I quickly made some tea, brought him a cup, and couldn't figure out why he so was surprised to see me and so disinterested in his cup of tea.
'I wanted it 'Just now', he said.
'Right,' I replied. 'And I just brought it to you.'
Fortunately, his mother intervened and informed me that 'just now' doesn't mean 'right now', nor does it mean 'just a moment ago'.
It actually means 'perhaps in a bit' or 'I'm not really interested but I'm going to put you off gently' or 'yeah, that's a nice idea let's leave it at that'.

 

just , .

, , , . , . , , , g , loch achtung.

 






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