, , , , , , - . , , . 70- , . , , [7, c. 13].
. , , , , . , , , . , , - . . , 1984 .
. : , , , , , , , . , , , - . , , .
. 1987 . . , , , . , . [8, c. 45].
|
|
. - 1988 ., 1990 . () .
1990 . . , , , , , . .
1991 . . 1991 . . . 28 1992 . . 1992 . . , . , , [7, c. 19].
, , , , 1993 . - - , , 1994 .
47 . . , , , . - - 4 : , , . , , . 70%, 10%, , , - 9%, - 2.5% [13, c. 1].
, , , , XIX . .
|
|
, , , , , . .
: , , , . , , ( ) -, .
, , - , . : ( ), ( ), ( ), , , , , , . . , .
. , , , , , , . .
. , : , , , , , , , , , , . . . . . () [14, c. 56].
11 , : , , , , , , , , , , . 1996 , . 22,9% . - 17,9%; - 14,4%; - 9,2%. 8,6% . .
, 11 ( ), 11 :
-Republiek van Suid-Afrika (),
-Republic of South Africa (),
-IRiphabliki yeSewula Afrika ( ),
-IRiphabliki yaseMzantsi Afrika (),
-IRiphabliki yaseNingizimu Afrika (),
-Rephaboliki ya Afrika-Borwa ( ),
-Rephaboliki ya Afrika Borwa (),
-Rephaboliki ya Aforika Borwa (),
-IRiphabhulikhi yeNingizimu Afrika (),
-Riphabuḽiki ya Afurika Tshipembe (),
-Riphabliki ra Afrika Dzonga ().
, , , , .
( , ), ( , ), . , , . - [4, c. 66].
, :
|
|
-;
-;
- (, );
- .
, -, , , , , (, . .)
- , . , .
8% , .
(1948-1994 .) - 2 , , (), . , . .
. , , , , , , - , , . , , , [15, c. 17].
, . : , , .
, .
- takkies, tackie or tekkie - sneakers (American) - trainers (British) ;
- combi kombi - , Volkswagen Kombi;
- bakkie pick-up truck ;
- lekker nice ;
- dagga - cannabis ;
- braai - barbecue ;
- jol - party .
, , ja [= yes ] ( ) , yes, yeah or well.
ja-nee ( yes-no, ). , , , , , .
, , , [16, c. 39].
: mom ( mum), freeway highway (British English motorway), cellphone (British and Australian English - mobile).
, . , , , , .
1
, , .
British English | South African English | |
bond | ; (, ) | |
packet | , | |
cafe | ; ; convenience store | |
circle | , |
|
|
, , , . , , geyser (=water-heater, boiler), robot (=a traffic light).
. , , , just now, [18, c. 58].
, ( ) just, now. C just now this very minute (, ), in a while ( - ) later ( ). Now now .
just now , Kiva ( ).
2
just now
I was making tea and asked my husband's five year-old cousin if he'd like some. |
'Just now' he said. |
So I quickly made some tea, brought him a cup, and couldn't figure out why he so was surprised to see me and so disinterested in his cup of tea. |
'I wanted it 'Just now', he said. |
'Right,' I replied. 'And I just brought it to you.' |
Fortunately, his mother intervened and informed me that 'just now' doesn't mean 'right now', nor does it mean 'just a moment ago'. |
It actually means 'perhaps in a bit' or 'I'm not really interested but I'm going to put you off gently' or 'yeah, that's a nice idea let's leave it at that'. |
just , .
, , , . , . , , , g , loch achtung.