:
. , , , ( ) . , XVIII , (,1775); , .
. . , ; , (, ) (); , .
. . , ; ; - 1 - ; .
,
, . , . :
. . , , . , , ..;
(. );
. , , . , , - .
, . , , .
. . 1- . .
|
|
. , , .
. . .
TNM
TNM ( Tumor , Node [], Metastasis ) :
- ;
N - ;
- .
ʨ
() . . , , .
- , in situ. , , CD-, 100.
- . , . , , .
( ). , . , α- (), , PSA (prostate-specific antigen) .
. , . , . . . .
(. ). 210% . , 1520% . ( ) . . 181 , .
|
|
¸ 18-2
181. , .
, | |
: | |
() | |
/ | , , |
S-100 | , |
, | |
: | |
, | |
, | |
-125 | |
15-3 |
. . 182.
¸ 18-3
. 182.
:/ | |
˸ | SCC, NSE / CEA, TPA |
, , | SCC |
CA153, CEA / TPA | |
CA199 / CEA | |
AFP / CA19 9 | |
Ƹ | 19 9 |
CEA, CA199 | |
CEA / CA19 9 | |
SCC / TPA | |
CA125 / CA19 9 | |
HCG | |
AFP, HCG | |
PAP, PSA | |
TPA |
: AFP α-fetoprotein ; CEA carcino-embryonic antigen ; HCG human chorionic gonadotropin ; NSE neuron-specific enolase ; PAP prostate acid phosphatase ; PSA prostate-specific antigen ; SCC squamous cell carcinoma antigen ; TPA tumor-derived polypeptide antigen
, . (, ).
, , , ( ) . .