, .
(, ).
.
.
, , (), , .
.
, , .
, .
(, ), , .
, , . , .
(, ).
.
.
.
, =1150. , .
.
| 
| 
|
 -
|  -
|  -
|
( ).
1) , .
2) HCN.
|
| 
|
3) - ( ).
 
| 
| (1) | ||
| 4--3- | ||||
|
+ NH3
-4H2O
| |||
| 
| (2) | ||
| 2--5- |
2--5- .
| (Cr2O3 +
)
T0
-H2
| 
|
| 2--5- |
| n |
|
| 
|
| -2--5- |
. ( , ), , , ( , ). . 3 , 6 
-, . - . , , , , .
|
|
|
=2,2
. - , .
:
1) ;
2) ;
3) ;
4) .
1)
) , . , , , , .
| 
| 
|
| =4,0.10-10 | =1,7.10-9 | =1,33.10-3 |
- -
(3)N : (3)N sp3-, sp2- (, 1982).
s- , , sp2-, sp3-, s- ( sp3- 1 s- 1 sp3- , sp2- 1 s- 1 sp2- , - ).
,
|
+ HCl
| 
|
) .
|
|
+ C2H5I
| 
|
| N- |
, 2 4 ( ).
|
| T0
 
| 
|
| -
| ||
| 
| |
| -
|
2)
, . , .
.
|
+X+
| 
| +X+
| 
|
| 
|
- 
- 2- .
-
|
+X+
|
| +X+
| 
|
, . .
)
|
|
+ HOSO2OH
| 
| HOSO2OH
.
(HgSO4)
.
|
| ( ) | |||
|
-H2O
| 
| ||
| -
|
)
|
|
+HONO2
| 
| HONO2
.
3000
| 
|
|
-
|
.
3)
, , .
|
|
|
|
  + KOH
| 
|
| -
| ||
| 
| |
| -
|
|
+Y-
| 
|
| 
|
| 
|
| 
|
|
|
+Y-
| 
|
| 
|
| 
|
( ). -, -, .. , .
4)
) . N-.
|
| + |
(H2O2 + CH3COOH)
| 
|
. N- .
| 1000
+KNO3
(H2SO4 .)
| 
| +H2O + KHSO4 |
| N- |
- - .
) .
|
+ 3 O
(KMnO4) H2O
| 
|
| -
| - ()
|
) , .
|
+ 6 H
(Na+C2H5OH)
| 
|
Pt, Pd 1800 .
|
| Pt, Pd
+ 4 H2 C5H11NH2
1800
|
.
|
| 2800
+ 11 HI C5H12 + NH4I + 5 I2
|
, , , , , .
1)
) 3 () NaOH, FeCl3
) 2 4 ( ) -. . .
|
+ CH2N2
| 
|
|
+ CH3I
| 
|
2) NH2 .
) 3- : , , .
) 2 4 .
|
| 
| H2O
-NH3
|
|
| 
|
, .
3) - - .
) - 49Zn;
|
+C4H9Li C4H10 +
| 
|
) - .
| + | 
| 2250
(ZnCl2)
-H2O
| 
|
4) : - ( , ); - ( NO2 - -). NH2, OH, OR, CN .
| + | 
|
| 
|
.
|
|
|
