.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


.




, . . 15% , 10% . , , , , - .

, , (Foreyt & Mikhail, 1997). , , .

, 0,5-1,0% (Hoek, 1993; Hsu, 1990), 1-3% (, 2000; Garfinkel et al., 1995). , - (Fairburn, Hay & Welch, 1993). 14 , , -, (Lask & Bryant-Waugh, 1992).

, , . , , (Lucas, Beard, O'Fallon & Kurland, 1991). , ; , (Geist, Heinmaa, Katzman & Stephens, 1999). , , , (Nelson, Hughes, Katz & Searight, 1999).

- . . , , (Dolan, 1991). , . (Lake, Staiger & Glowinski, 2000; Pate, Pumariega, Hester & Garner, 1992).

, , - , (Yates, 1989). , , , , .

< , .>

( ) 5 , (Hoek et al., 1995), ; , , . , , , , , , (Hoek et al., 1995). , (Jones, Fox, Babigian & Hutton, 1980) , , (Vervaet & van Heeringen, 2000).

. , 14 18 , , . - , .

, . 31 , . 13.4, . , , (Steinhausen, 1997).

  %
 
 
 

. 13.4. . (: Steinhausen, 1997.)

, , (Eckert, Halmi, Marchi, Grove & Crosby, 1995). , . 6 (Sullivan, 1995) 10% (, 2000; Herzog, Kronmueller, Hartmann, Bergman & Kroeger, 2000), . , , , , (Herzog et al., 2000). , 15-24- (Sullivan, 1995).

, , , . , (Hsu, 1990). - , , - (Wilson, Hefferman & Black, 1996).

, , (Fairburn, Cooper, Doll, Norman & O'Connor, 2000).

. , , , , , , , .

, , : 50 75% (Collings & King, 1994; Herzog et al., 1999). , ( , , ) (Collings & King, 1994). , , .

, , , , . 10- , , (Heatherton, Mahamedi, Striepe, Field & Keel, 1997). , ; - , , , 10 . , , , , 10 . , , , , (Heatherton et al., 1997).

.

, , , ? , , . - , . ?

, , ( ) , , . , , , ( , ). , .

. , . - , , (Wilson et al., 1996).

, (? ?), , . , , . , , , . , , , , .

. , . , , , , , 4-5 , (Kaye et al., 2000; Strober, Freeman, Lampert, Diamond & Kaye, 2000). , , , 58%, , , (Wade, Bulik, Neale & Kendler, 2000).

, ? , , (Bulik, Sullivan, Wade & Kendler, 2000). , , , , , , .

. , , (Monteleone, Brambilla, Bortolotti & Maj, 2000). , , : .

, , , , , , . , , ; , , . , , , .

, , (Cowen, Anderson & Fairburn, 1992) , , , . , , , , , , . , ( ), , , (Jimerson, Lesem, Kaye & Brewerton, 1992). - , , , , . (Wilson et al., 1996) , , , .

- , , . (, ) , , , , (. Reid & Burr, 2000). , , , , (Wilson, 1999). , , .

- (obsessive-compulsive disorder, OCD). , , - . , - , , - , - .

, , , , , , /. , , .

. (Pinel, Assanand & Lehman, 2000). , , , (Attie & Brooks-Gunn, 1995). , .

. (. Mueller et al., 1995), : -, , - ?

, , , . ; . , (Brownell, 1991), , 17 24 2,5 , 20 , .

, , 80% - (Wilson et al., 1996). , 7-8 (Hsu, 1990). - , . -, , , - (Steiner-Adair, 1990).

, - . XXI . , , , (. . ), , . , , , (Striegel-Moore, Silberstein & Rodin, 1986). , , , (Hefferman, 1996; Strong, Williamson, Netemeyer & Geer, 2000), , .

, , . , , - (Cogan, Bhalla, Sefa-Dedeh & Rothblum, 1996) , . , , . , .

: - (Striegel-Moore et al., Schreiber, Pike, Wilfley & Rodin, 1995; Striegel-Moore et al., 2000). , , .

, , . 1982 1992 , (Heatherton, Nichols, Mahamedi & Keel, 1995). , - , (Heatherton et al., 1995). , , .

. , , . , , (Minuchin, Rosman & Baker, 1978). , , , , () .

< , .>

, , . , , , (Fairburn, 1994). , (Garfinkel et al., 1995), , , (Fairburn, 1994), . , , , (Herzog, Kronmueller, Hartmann, Bergmann & Kroeger, 2000).

, , . , 3 , (35 12,5%, ) (Garfinkel et al., 1995). , , , (Neumark-Sztainer, Story, Hannan, Beuhring & Resnick, 2000). , , , , - (Wonderlich et al., 2000).

, , , - , . , (Fairburn, 1994). , , . ( 14.)

, . , , , .

. , . , , , , . , , , , . , .

, , (Bruch, 1962, 1973), , , , , , . , , , : ; ( ) ; . - , . , , , , (J. A. Silverman, 1997).

< , , .>

, , , , . (Crisp, 1997). , , , , . , , . , , , , . , , 45 . , .

, , , (Casper, Hedeker & McClough, 1992). , , : , (Strober, 1991). , , .

10- , , , , , , (Nilsson, Gillberg, Gillberg & Rastam, 1999). , 80% , , 10 (Ivarsson, Rastam, Wentz, Gillberg & Gillberg, 2000). , , (Wade, Bulik, Neale & Kendler, 2000).

, , - (Aragona & Vella, 1998). , (Garfinkel et al., 1995), , . , , , , , , . , (, 2000) 10% , (Timmerman, Wells & Chen, 1990), . . , , ( ) (Joiner, Katz & Heatherton, 2001).

. , , , 90% , , I, , - (Lewinsohn, Striegel-Moore & Seeley, 2000; Zaider, Johnson & Cockell, 2000). , , , , , , (Goldner, Srikameswaran, Schroeder, Livesley & Birmingham, 1999; Podar, Hannus & Allik, 1999). , , , (Hewitt & Flett, 1993). , , (Joiner, Heatherton, Rudd & Schmidt, 1997). , ( ) ( ) , .

, . , , , . , , , , , . - , , 13.4 .

13.4

?

, . 14- , , , . , , (1,47 ) (36,3 ). . . . , .

, , . . , .

. , . , .

(: A. Bell, 1996.)

---

, . , , , - (Maloney & Kranz, 1991). , , . 13.5.

1)

2)

2.1)

2.2) ,

(2.1->2.2)

3)

(1->2->3)

. 13.5. . (: Garner, 1993b).

- , , , . , , - , (Owens & Slade, 1987).

. (French, Perry, Leon & Fulkerson, 1994; Fulkerson, Keel, Leon & Dorr, 1999; Taub & Blinde, 1994). , , , , . , , , (Garner, Rosen & Barry, 1998).

.

, 1930- , . , - , - , (Foreyt & McGavin, 1998), . , . , , , .

, , . - (cognitive-behavioral therapy, CBT), , (Garner & Needleman, 1997). - (Compas, Haaga, Keefe, Leitenberg & Williams, 1998; Dare & Eisler, 1997). Bo . , - , , , , .

, , . , , , , , , (NIMH, 1994b). , . , , , 90% (Garner & Needleman, 1997).

. - , , , () (Dunner et al., 1999). , , . , , , .

; , (Craighead & Agras, 1991; Garner & Needleman, 1997; W. G. Johnson, Tsoh & Vanrado, 1996). , , , , , (Compas et al., 1998; W.G. Johnson et al., 1996). , 6 , (Agras et al., 1994; Leitenberg et al., 1994). , , , - , (Ferguson & Pigott, 2000; Goldstein et al., 1995).

. , , , , , . , , . , , . , , (Dare & Eisler, 1997). , , , , , . (Hsu, Crisp & Challender, 1992).

, , ; , , . , , (Baran, Weltzin & Kaye, 1995). . , , , , , .

, , ? , , , , , . , , .

. , (Robin, Siegel & Moye, 1995) . (behavioral family systems therapy, BFST) - (ego-oriented individual therapy, EOIT) 16- 22 . , , , - , . , . 1 , , (Robin et al., 1999).

, , , . , , . , , (Shugar & Krueger, 1995). , , , . , - , , , .

, ( ); . , , ( Minuchin et al., 1978), , , . (Dare & Eisler, 1997). - (, , ) , , (Le Grange, Eisler, Dare & Russell, 1992; Eisler et al., 1998, 2000).

, . , , (Crisp et al., 1991). , , , - (Gowers, Norton, Halek & Crisp, 1994).

- , (Bardone, Vohs, Abramson, Heatherton & Joiner, 2000; Fairburn, Jones, Peveler, Hope & O'Connor, 1993). - , . - (Garner & Needleman, 1997). , .

- , - ; , . - - (W. G. Johnson et al., 1996). - (Fairburn, Marcus & Wilson, 1993). , , . ; , ( ); , , ; , .

, - . () , , (McIntosh, Bulik, McKenzie, Luty & Jordon, 2000). , , - , , - , 1- 6- (Fairburn, Marcus & Wilson, 1993; Fairburn et al., 1995).

, - (Compas et al., 1998). , , (55%; Agras, 1991) (73%; Reas, Williamson, Martin & Zucker, 2000) , - . , 80% (Reas et al., 2000).

.

, , .

, . , , .

, , (14-18 ). 1-3% , , . , .

, ; , .

, , , , , .

. .

. ( ) ( - ).

, , .

, - .

. , .

. - , , , , .

.

(drive for thinness)

(eating attitudes)

(metabolic rate)

(set point)

(pica)

(feeding disorder of infancy or early childhood)

(failure to thrive)

(childhood obesity)

(anorexia nervosa)

(restricting type of anorexia)

/ (binge-eating/purging type of anorexia)

(binge)

(compensatory behavior)





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