, , . , 5% 1960- 13% 1990- (Cowley, 2000). 80- 90- 7-13 , (. S. Tremblay & Willms, 2000).
. 13.2 , , , , , (. ). , (. ?). , , , , .
, . , , :
16 - - 627 19
- , -. 1805 84 .
: 1960- 2 .
, % | , % | |
6-11 | ||
1963-1965 | ||
1971-1974 | ||
1976-1980 | ||
1988-1994 | ||
12-17 | ||
1966-1970 | ||
1971-1974 | ||
1976-1980 | ||
1988-1994 |
? , , :
BMI = W / (H*H)
:
W
H
BMI
(: Newsweek, July, 3, 2000, p. 43. : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; McDonald's.)
13.2. , .
, , (Troiano, Kuczmarski, Johnson, Flegal & Campbell, 1995; Woolston, 1991). , - (Hayman, Meininger, Coates & Gallagher, 1995).
: , , - , . ; (Thompson, Coovert, Richards, Johnson & Cattarin, 1995). , , , (Vincent & McCabe, 2000).
|
|
, 10- , , . X. , (L. H. Epstein, Klein & Wisniewski, 1994) , 6%, 2-6 . , , .
. , , . 17- 3 , ; , ( ) , , , 40% (Gam & Clark, 1976). , , , (Klump, McGue & Iacono, 2000).
, . , , (J. Friedman & Burley, 1995). (Montague et al., 1997). , , , , , , , - . , , , . , , , , (Laessle, Wurmser & Pirke, 2000).
, . , , , , (Baker, Whisman & Brownell, 2000). , , . , . , , (J. . Sherman, Liao, Alexander, Kim & Kim, 1995). , , (Neumark-Sztainer, Story, Hannan, Beuhring & Resnick, 2000).
|
|
. - , , , , . , , , . , , .
, . , , , . (Gable & Lutz, 2000).
, , . , , (L. Epstein, Paluch, Gordy, Saelens & Ernst, 2000). , ( ), , (L. H. Epstein et al., 1995). , , , , . , , .
. , , , . , , , , ; , (Foreyt & Cousins, 1989). , (Israel, 1999).
, , (Kater, Rohwer & Levine, 2000). , , , . , (Neumark-Sztainer, Martin & Story, 2000; O'Dea & Abraham, 2000).
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.
95- .
, .
, .
( ) , , .
, . , , .