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, , , , () , (Rodier & Hyman, 1998). 25% , , ( ), , . , , , (fetal or neonatal development) (Bolton et al., 1997; Piven et al., 1993).

, , , , , . , (measles, mumps, rubella, MMR) (Kawahima et al., 2000; A. J. Wakefield et al., 2000). , , , (. N. Taylor et al., 1999; Afzal, Minor & Schild, 2000).

.

, , (. . Cook, ; Lamb, Moore, Bailey & Monaco, 2000; Rutter, 2000a).

. - (fragile-X anomaly, . 9) 2-3% , , , , (Lincoln, Courchesne, Mascarello, Yeung-Courchesne & Schreibman, 1996; Turk & Graham, 1997). , , 5% , (Barton & Volkmar, 1998; Dykens & Volkmar, 1997). , , , (Gillberg, 1998; Konstantareas & Homatidis, 1999).

(tuberous sclerosis) . , (neural deficits), . (Bailey et al., 1996). , 25% , , . , 1-4% , , , . , , , . , , , , , , (Smalley, 1998).

. , , , , (Le Couteur et al., 1996). , , , 50-100 (Bolton et al., 1994). , 60-90%, (Bailey et al., 1996).

, , 90% (Rutter, 2000a).

, , , , (Piven et al., 1994). , (broader autism phenotype), , , ; , - ; . ( ), , , (Rutter, 2000a). (Piven, 1999).

. , , , , , (susceptibility gene). 7 (International Genetic Study of Autism Consortium, 1998). , . 15 (. . Cook et al., 1998). (Stodgell, Ingram & Hyman, 2000). , , . , , , , - , (Rutter, 2000a).





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