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³.




1. M = {1,2,3,4,5}. R M Pr1 R, Pr2 R, R -1, R R, R R -1, R -1 R R (3):

() R = {(1,2),(1,4),(2,3),(2,4),(4,1),(4,3),(4,4)};

() R = {(1,2),(2,3),(3,5),(4,1),(5,4)};

() R = {(2,4),(2,5),(3,1),(3,2),(3,3),(5,2)};

() R = {(1,1),(2,2),(3,3),(4,2),(4,3),(5,1),(5,5)}.

2. R N

() R = { (m,n) | m n };

() R = { (m,n) | n m };

() R = { (m,n) | m - n k, k Î N };

() R = { (m,n) | m < n }

Pr1 R, Pr2 R, R -1, R R, R R -1, R -1 R, .

3. ³ R N

1) (1,1)Î R; 2) (m, nR, (m +1, nR (m, n +1)Î R.

, R = N ´ N.

4. ³ R N

1) (1,1)Î R;

2) (m, nR, (m +1, nR, (m +1, n +1)Î R (m +1, n +2)Î R.

R.

5. P :

F = {(x, y) ½ x, y Î P x y };

D = {(x, y) ½ x, y Î P x y }.

:

() F F; () D F; () F -1 D -1;

() D D; () D F -1; () D -1 F;

() F D; () F -1 D; () D -1 D -1.

6. M = {1,2,3,4}

R 1 = {(1,1),(1,3),(2,3),(2,4),(3,1),(3,3),(4,1)},

R 2 = {(1,2),(1,3),(1,4),(2,2),(3,1),(3,4),(4,2)}.

X M ( , X ),

() R 1 X = R 2; () R 2 X = R 1; () (R 1 R 2) X = R 1;

() X R 1 = R 2; () X R 2 = R 1; () (R 2 R 1) X = R 1.

7. M = {1,2,3,4} R = {(1,1),(1,2),(2,3),(3,3),(3,4),(4,4)}. T S M, T ¹ S R T = R S = {(1,1),(1,2),(1,4)}.

8. , R M

() Pr1 R = Æ Û R = Æ Û Pr2 R = Æ;

() Pr2 R = Pr1 R -1;

() Pr1 R = Pr2 R -1;

() Pr1 R = M Û iM Í R R -1;

() Pr2 R = M Û iM Í R -1 R.

9. , -

() R È R = R Ç R = R; () (R 1 \ R 2)-1 = R 1-1 \ R 2-1;

() (R -1)-1 = R; () -1;

() (R 1È R 2)-1 = R 1-1È R 2-1; () ( Ri)-1 = Ri -1;

() (R 1Ç R 2)-1 = R 1-1Ç R 2-1; () ( Ri)-1 = Ri -1.

10. ,

() R 1 (R 2 R 3) = (R 1 R 2) R 3;

() (R 1 R 2)-1 = R 2-1 R 1-1;

() ( Ri) Q = (Ri Q);

() Q ( Ri) = (Q Ri);

() R 1 R 2 = Æ Û Pr2 R 1ÇPr1 R 2 = Æ.

11. , Ri, i Î I Q M

() ( Ri) Q Í (Ri Q); () Q ( Ri) Í (Q Ri)

.

12. R 1 R 2 M = {1,2,3} , R 1 R 2 R 2 R 1 .

13. R 1 R 2 - M. : = 1 2.

14. X M , R M R X = X R.

15. R - M. , R R 1= R 1 R = R 1 R 1 M , R = iM.

16. , R H = H R = H R , H= Æ.

17. R -1 = ?

18. , R 1Í R 2, Q

() Q R 1 Í Q R 2; () R 1 Q Í R 2 Q; () R 1-1Í R 2-1.

19. M = {1,2,3,4}

R 1 = {(1,1),(1,3),(2,2),(2,4),(3,1),(3,3),(4,2),(4,4)};

R 2 = {(1,1),(2,2),(2,3),(2,4),(3,1),(3,3),(4,1),(4,4)};

R 3 = {(1,3),(1,4),(2,1),(1,2),(3,1),(3,3),(4,1)};

R 4 = {(1,1),(1,2),(1,4),(2,2),(2,4),(3,3),(3,4),(4,2),(4,3),(4,4)};

R 5 = {(1,2),(1,3),(2,3),(2,4),(4,1),(4,3)}.

,

() ;

() ;

() ;

() ;

() .

, .

20. , .

21. Z :

(m,nR 1Û m-n ;

(m,nR 2Û m+n ;

(m,nR 3Û m-n £ 100;

(m,nR 4Û m-n ;

(m,nR 5Û m+n ;

(m,nR 6Û m/n ;

(m,nR 7Û m/n ;

(m,nR 8Û m* n ;

(m,nR 9Û m* n ;

(m,nR 10Û m-n 2;

(m,nR 11 Û m n ;

(m,nR 12 Û m £ n;

(m,nR 13 Û m n;

(m,nR 14 Û m / n 2.

,

() ;

() ;

() ;

() ;

() ;

() .

22. R 1 R 2 - M, C 1 C 2 . C

() R 1È R 2; () R 1D R 2; () ;

() R 1Ç R 2; () R 1 R 2; () iM È R 1;

() R 1\ R 2; () R 1-1; () R 1\ iM.

23. , R 1 R 2 R 1È R 2, R 1Ç R 2, R 1-1 R 1 R 2 .

24. , R - k =0,1,2,... R ( k ) .

25. , R 1 R 2 R 1È R 2Í R 1 R 2.

26. R - M. : R R - , R .

27. , R M ,

() iM Í R; () iM Ç R = iM; () iM È R = R.

28. Ri, i Î I - M. :

() Ri - , Ri , i Î I;

() Ri - , Ri , i Î I;

() Ri Rj - , Ri Rj , i, j Î I;

() Ri- 1 - , Ri .

29. R - M (| M | = n). :

() R , | Rn;

() | Rn, R .

30. R M M, R; r (R).

, R M

() r (R)= R È iM;

() R Í - , r (R.

31. , R 1 R 2 , R 1È R 2, R 1Ç R 2, R 1-1.

32. , R 1 R 2 R 1 R 2 .

33. Ri, i Î I - M. :

() Ri - , Ri , i Î I;

() Ri - , Ri , i Î I;

() Ri Rj - , Ri Rj , i, j Î I;

() Ri- 1 - , Ri .

34. R 1 R 2 M = {1,2,3}, R 1 R 2 .

35. , R 1 R 2 R 1È R 2, R 1Ç R 2, R 1-1, R 1 R 1-1.

36. , R - k =0,1,2,... R ( k ) .

37. , R ,

() R = R -1; () R -1Í R; () R Í R -1.

38. R M M, R; s (R).

, R M

() s (R)= R È R -1;

() R Í - , s (R.

39. , R M , R Ç R -1=Æ.

40. , R Pr1 R =Pr2 R.

41. : R Pr1 R = Pr2 R, R .

42. , R , ,

() R -1; () .

43. R 1 R 2 M ={1,2,3,4}, R 1 R 2 .

44. R 1 R 2 - M. , R 1 R 2Í R 2 R 1, R 1 R 2 = R 2 R 1.

45. , R 1 R 2 R 1 R 2 , R 1 R 2 = R 2 R 1.

46. , R 1 R 2 R 1 R 2 , R 2 R 1Í R 1 R 2.

47. Ri, i Î I - M. :

() Ri - , Ri , i Î I;

() Ri - , Ri , i Î I;

() Ri Rj - , Ri Rj , i, j Î I;

() Ri- 1 - , Ri .

28. , R 1 R 2 R 1Ç R 2 R 1-1 .

48. , R M , R Ç R -1Í iM.

49. , ᒺ R 1È R 2 R 1 R 2 M , R 1Ç R 2-1Í iM.

50. Ri, i Î I - M. :

() Ri - , Ri , i Î I;

() Ri - , Ri , i Î I;

() Ri Rj - , Ri Rj , i, j Î I;

() Ri- 1 - , Ri .

51. R - M (| M | = n). | R |? R M ?

52. , R M , R R Í R.

53. , R , R R = R.

54. , R .

55. , R , R -1.

56. , .

57. , R - k =0,1,2,... R ( k ) .

58. R 1 R 2 M ={1,2,3,4} ,

() R 1 R 2 - ; () R 1 R 1= R 1;

() R 1 R 2 - ; () R 1È R 2 - ;

() R 1 R 1¹ R 1; () R 1È R 2 - .

59. , R 1 R 2 R 1 R 2 , R 1 R 2 = R 2 R 1.

60. , ᒺ R 1È R 2 R 1 R 2 , R 1 R 2 È R 2 R 1 Í R 1È R 2.

61. Ri, i Î I - M. :

() Ri - , Ri , i Î I;

() Ri - , Ri , i Î I;

() Ri Rj - , Ri Rj , i, j Î I;

() Ri- 1 - , Ri .

62. , R R R = R. ?

63. . R M, R - , , (a,bR (b,aR (a,aR.

64. R M = {1,2,3,4},

() , ;

() , .

65. R M = {1,2,3}, .

66.

() , , ;

() , , ;

() , , ;

() , , ;

() , , ;

() , , ;

() , ;

() , , , .





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