a) . , :
Can you do it? May I take it? Must he go there? Ought he to help him? He ought not to help him. He need not do it.
, , , , . :
He can do it himself. - . They may come tonight. , , .
an may : can could, may might, must, ought to need .
: , not.
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| 1. | MUST | , . , . , . | He must understand it. . You must not talk in class. . I must be off as soon as I can. , . |
| 2. | SHOULD OUGHT TO | , . , | You shouldnt come here. . Library books should be kept clean. . I ought to do all I can to help her. , , . |
| 3. | NEEDNT | . | We neednt talk to each other about it. . |
| 4. | TO HAVE TO | must. . | I didnt have to make any decisions. . |
| 5. | TO BE TO | must (, ) . | They are to begin this work at once. . He was to meet her yesterday. . |
| 6. | CAN (COULD) TO BE ABLE TO | . , , . | I can stay with them. . Can I see the director? ? |
| 7. | MAY (MIGHT) TO BE ALLOWED TO | , , . , , . may (might) to be allowed to do, to be permitted to do. | It may make that man curious. . It might make him curious. . You may give me a call. . Youll be allowed to go out. . |
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b) Choose the correct modal verb in each of the following sentences. Sometimes both are possible.
1. The lecture is over. You can / may go to the canteen to have a snack.
2. You didnt answer well today. You should / ought to study better.
3. The students have to / are able to pass all tests and exams successfully to get grants.
4. The term / semester is over. The students are to / must take exams.
5. You need / ought to revise this subject not to fail the exam.
6. After getting the Masters degree, the students should/ are able to continue to study towards the doctoral degree.
7. Postgraduates have to/ must carry out a year of research, prepare and defend a thesis.
8. On completing the education, our graduates are to/have to work in different law enforcement organs.
Ex. 2 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. Use the word given to complete the sentence.
Model: It isnt necessary for you to take part in this seminar.
neednt You .take part in this seminar.
You neednt take part in this seminar.
1. I advise you to prepare for the exams more thoroughly.
should You more thoroughly.
2. It is possible that Ann is looking for a new job.
may Ann a new job.
3. You are not allowed to leave until the exam has finished.
mustnt You the exam has finished.
4. Id better start saving for my summer holiday.
have to Ifor my summer holiday.
5. You mustnt miss lectures.
are allowed to You lectures.
Ex. 3 Put wh -questions to the words given in bold type.
Model: The problem should be discussed again.
What should be discussed again?
1. Lomonosov may be considered as the founder of Russian science.
2. All the students will be able to take part in the conference.
3. The sitting was to take place at one oclock.
4. We have to finish the translation by tomorrow.
5. They must still take their exam.
6. Can she speak Spanish?
7. She was to become a lawyer.
