, . :
, .
(1) −.
− , .
, , , , . , - , :
, , , - . , , , :
(3) (2): , (3).
, . .
, .
− , . . , - .
− .
− :
1. () .
. .
2. .
, . , , * . .
3. .
, , . .
4. .
.
|
|
5. .
, , , .
6. . , . :
) ; .
) ; ; , .. , .
) , , ; , .
. -.
. (. .1).
1 .1-.4, .
.1-.4 , . .4 , . , .
1
.. | ||||||||
.1 | -4 | -5 | -2 | -- | ||||
-1 | -1 | -2 | ||||||
-9 | -6 | -4 | -3 | -3 | ||||
-8 | -6 | -7 | ||||||
* | -4 | -5 | -2 | |||||
.2 | -- | |||||||
-2 | -6 | -2 | ||||||
-8 | ||||||||
* | 28/3 | 13/3 | -1 | |||||
* | 20/3 | 5/3 | -3 | |||||
.3 | -31/3 | -4 | -28/3 | -- | ||||
-31/3 | -4 | -28/3 | -3 | |||||
* | 115/9 | 13/3 | 67/9 | |||||
* | ||||||||
* | -31/9 | -4/3 | -28/9 | |||||
.4 |
.4 , :
, , :
, .
, . . . , .
|
|
(4) :
, . , .
(4) , 15, .4 .
2.1-2.20. -. . .
2.1. 2.2.
2.3. 2.4.
2.5. 2.6.
2.7. 2.8.
2.9. 2.10.
2.11. 2.12.
2.13. 2.14.
2.15. 2.16.
2.17. 2.18.
2.19. 2.20.
3.
y = f (x) , , ε > 0 S > 0 ( ε: S = S (ε)), , | x | > S,
| f (x) A | < ε.
f (x) → → ∞.
y = f (x) , 0, ε > 0 δ > 0 ( ε: δ = δ(ε)), , 0 | x x 0| < δ,
| f (x) A | < ε.
f (x) → → 0.
0 , 0, , , , 0, f (x) , f (x), :
α() (..) → 0 → ∞, :
(..) .
10. .. ..
20. .. ( , ..) ..
30. .. , , ..
.. α() β() → 0 ( → ∞) , α() ~ β().
, .. , , , .. . , .. .
..:
sin x ~ x; tg x ~ x; ℮ x 1 ~ x; ln(1 + x) ~ x;
arcsin x ~ x; arctg x ~ x;
(1 + x) m ~ 1 + mx; 1 cos x ~ x 2/2.
f (x) (..) → 0, , > 0, δ > 0 ( ε: δ = δ(ε)), , 0 | x x 0| < δ,
| f (x)| > M.
(..) → ∞.
.
10. .. , , .. .
20. .. .. .
30. .. , , .. .
. α() .. → 0 ( → ∞), .. → 0 ( → ∞). , f (x) .. → 0 ( → ∞), .. → 0 ( → ∞).
|
|
.
1. , .
2. y = f (x) 0 (), . , y = f (x) (), .
3.
,
4.
5. y = f (x), 0 , .
( ℮)
.
1. .
. , 3 x 2 1 x→2 3∙22 1 = 11. 23 + 1 = 9. . , = .
2. .
. → 8 (2 - 7) 2∙8 - 7 = 9, . . , ( - 8) , . . .. . .. ∞.
3. .
. x = 1 , . , . . , , [∞ - ∞], [0 ∙ ∞], [1∞], , .
.
= = = 7.
, - ( ), :
n = a 0 + a 1 x + a 2 x 2 + + a n xn Q m = b 0 + b 1 x + b 2 x 2 + + b m xm.
4. 1) . , .. n = , m = 2, ∞.
2) . n = 2, m = 3. n < m, 0.
3) . n = = 1, m = = 1. n = m, = .
5. .
. x = 1, . , x = x 0 , (x - x 0) . (x 1). :
x 5 2 x + 1 | x 1
x 5 x 4 x 4 + x 3 + x 2 + x - 1
x 4 2 x
x 4 x 3
x 3 2 x
x 3 x 2
x 2 2 x
x 2 x
- x + 1
- x + 1
, x 5 2 x + 1 = (x 1)(x 4 + x 3 + x 2 + x 1). , , :
= =
= = = 1.
6. .
. [∞ - ∞]. , , :
7.
. .
, . , . . , . . 6 → 0 6 → 0, , . . . :
|
|
= = =
= = .
8. .
. . , , , . , .
= = = ℮15.
9. .
. , , :
= = =
= =
= = ℮-14.
10. .
. . .. 52, (1 - cos2 x) .. = 2 x 2,
= = .
.
.
3.1. ) ; ) .
3.2. ) ; ) .
3.3. ) ; ) .
3.4. ) ; ) .
3.5. ) ; ) .
3.6. ) ; ) .
3.7. ) ; ) .
3.8. ) ; ) .
3.9. ) ; ) .
3.10. ) ; ) .
1.11. ) ; ) .
3.12. ) ; ) .
3.13. ) ; ) .
3.14. ) ; ) .
3.15. ) ; ) .
3.16. ) ; ) .
3.17. ) ; ) .
3.18. ) ; ) .
3.19. ) ; ) .
3.20. ) ; ) .