:
䳿 䳿, . often, frequently , seldom, rarely , usually , always , sometimes, occasionally , once a week , every day/week/ month/etc. / / / .
I have a cup of tea every morning. - .
Do you usually get to the institute by bus? - ?
! , often, frequently, seldom, rarely, usually, always, sometimes, occasionally 䳺, 䳺 to be . once a week, every day/week/ month/etc. .
䳿 , ( ).
They live in Paris. - .
" ".
The river Dnieper flows into the Black Sea. - .
䳿, ( )
The bus leaves at 6.40 tomorrow morning. - 6.30 .
䳺, . , , . (. )
It depends on different circumstances. - .
2. The Past Indefinite (Simple) Tense /
:
䳺
- , -ed;
- , .
I asked my friend to come the other day. - .
My cousin bought a new house last month. - .
:
䳺 did, 䳺 -ed .
The Future Indefinite Tense
(Simple Future)
:
| Simple Future 䳿 . |
:
To read
+
| will(shall) I will (shall) reada book tomorrow. She will reada journal tomorrow. |
?
| Will (Shall) Will (shall) I reada book tomorrow? |
__
| will not (shall not) I will not (shall not) reada book tomorrow. He will not (won`t)go to the theatre. |
, Simple Future.
- Next year
- Next week
- Some day
- In two months
- Tomorrow
- The day after tomorrow
- Soon
- One of these days
`:
1. 䳺 shall Simple Future. shall .
2. 䳿 Simple Future , when, after, before, till, until, if, unless, as soon as , Simple Present.
|
|
|
If he comes I will (shall) ask him about it. - , .
4.The Present Continuous (Progressive) Tense /
:
| ϳ | ||
| I | am asking | Im asking |
| You | are asking | youre asking |
| He She It | is asking | hes asking |
| shes asking | ||
| its asking | ||
| We | are asking | were asking |
| They | are asking | theyre asking |
:
Is it raining? - ?
It's not getting better, is it? - , ?
Are they learning English or French? - ?
Why are you crying? - ?
Who is waiting for Mr. Smith? - ?
:
It is not / It's not / It isn't snowing. - .
He is not / He's not / He isn't watching TV now. - .
We are not / We're not / We aren't trying to solve this problem at once. -
.
:
䳿, ( now - ).
'Where are Tom and Kate (now)?' - 'They are playing chess.' -
" ()?" - " ."
䳿, .
He says he is reading an extremely exciting book. -
³ , .
䳿 ( 䳿 to get, to become).
It's getting warmer and warmer. - .
Unemployment is rising all the time. - .
䳿, .
At last we are moving next week. - , .
5. The Past Continuous (Progressive) Tense /
:
| ϳ | |
| I, he, she, it | was asking |
| we, you, they | were asking |
:
Who were you talking to yesterday when I saw you? -
, ?
At nine o'clock last night she was reading an evening paper, wasn't she? -
, ?
:
Luckily, we were not / weren't walking in the park when it started to rain. -
, , .
When he left, it was not / wasn't snowing heavily. -
, .
:
䳿, .
You couldn't see me in the shop at three o'clock! At that time I was standing at the bus stop! -
! !
Were the children playing or sleeping yesterday at that time? -
ij ?
䳿 , 䳿 ( , ).
|
|
|
She met her best friend when she was travelling about the USA. -
( 䳿) , .
What was he doing when you came? -
, ?
While Tom was having dinner all his clients were hanging around the office. -
( 䳿) , 볺 .
6. The Future ontinuous Tense/
Future Continuous 䳿, :
Ill be looking out for you at two o'clock.
We'll be playing all morning.
Future Continuous , Future Indefinite, i:
He'll be going to school soon.
You won't be coming back here any more.
Future Continuous 䳺 to be Future Indefinite 䳺 䳺 (IV ):
I shall be translating weshall be translating
you will be translating you will be translating
he will be translating they will be translating
she will be translating
䳺 shall will :
Will they be studying?
Shall we be training?
䳺 shall will not:
They will not be leaving for Kyiv.
I shall not be painting.
i shall i will ll, shall not i will not shant i won't.
7. The Present Perfect Tense /
Present Perfect 䳿, , , , 䳿, :
I have locked the door. (
).
Have you turned off the gas? ?
- Is Mrs. Drouet in? - ̳ ?
- No, she has gone to the - ͳ, .
theatre. (Dreiser) ( , )
䳿, 䳺 Present Perfect, , 䳿, :
You have not told me the .
whole story. (London)
What have they done? ?
You have read more then I. , .
Present Perfect :
) , : up to now, up to the present ; lately , ; so far ; since ; not yet .
Up to now we have read
three English books. .
Have you seen him recently?
?
You haven't shown me your
room yet. .
I've not done anything ,
since I left. (Tressell) .
Have you heard from your
husband lately? (Hardy) ?
) , : today ; this week ; this mount ; this year ; this morning .
My friends have not arrived .
today.
Have you seen her today? ?
Have you breakfasted this ?
morning? (Dickens)
Past Indefinite:
A letter came from them
Today. (Tressell) .
Present Perfect : even -, never , often , seldom , already , just :
I've often heard him tell ,
|
|
|
the tale. (Jerome) .
Have you even thought -
about it? (Heym) ?
We've just arrived. (Brand) .
Past Indefinite:
I told you already(Heym)
I never saw him in all my
life. (Dreiser) .
Present Perfect , 䳿, : yesterday , the day before yesterday , last week(month,year) (, ), an hour ago , two days ago , on Monday , in July , in 1945 1945 , when. Past Indefinite:
She went two days ago. .
(Hemingway)
When did you see her? (Hardy) ?
Present Perfect 䳿 , . Present Perfect 䳺, Continuous.
I have known her for years. .
I haven't seen you for a .
whole year.
When have you been since ?
last Thursday?
Has he been asleep all ³ ?
this time?
How long have you been
here? ?
I have long wanted to see
you. .
I have been here for a few .
days only.
䳿 for(for an hour , for ten years , for a long time . .), 䳿 since (since five o'clock ' , since Monday , since I saw him , . .)
Present Perfect 䳿, :
I cannot let you go till ,
you have heard me. (Gaskell) .
You shall not go till you ,
have told me all. (Bronte) .
When you have found the land ,
where there is happiness, I will , .
join you there. (Show)
Present Perfect .
| Present Perfect Tense | |
| (+) S have/ has V3/ - ed (?) Have/ Has S V3/ - ed (-) S haven't/ hasn't V3/ - ed | already, just, (not) yet, never, ever, this week, in the morning, today, lately, recently, since, for. |
| (+) I have already written a letter. She has already written a letter. (-) We have not written a letter yet. He has not written a letter yet. (?) Have you written a letter? What has he done? |
8. The Past Perfect Tense/
:
| Past Perfect 䳿 . : ) : by five o'clock, by Saturday, by the 10th of February, by the end of the year, by that time ; ) 䳺, Simple Past: We had written the letter when he came. |
:
Simple Past 䳺 to have (had) + Participle II
(done) 䳺
To do
+
| I had donemy work by three o'clock. They had done the exercise before he came into the room. |
?
| Had you done your work by three o'clock? What exercise hadyou done before they came into the room? |
|
|
|
-
| I had not (hadn't) donemy work by three o'clock. They had not (hadn't) donethe exercise before he came into the room. |
';
He came to Kyiv, took a taxi and went to his work. ( 䳿 Simple Past.)
Kate came into the room, sat down at the table and began to read the book which she had bought in the shop. ( , 䳿 . Past Perfect.)
9. The Passive Voice/ 䳺
| Present Simple | Past Simple | Future Simple |
| is/am/are + Ved(V3) | was/were + Ved (V3) | will/shall + be + Ved(V3) |
| Letters are sent every day. . | Letters were sent yesterday. . | Letters will be sent tomorrow. . |
| Present Continuous | Past Continuous | |
| is/am/are + being + Ved (V3) | was/were + being + Ved (V3) | |
| Letters are being sent now. . | Letters were being sent at 5 yesterday. 5 . | |
| Present Perfect | Past Perfect | Future Perfect |
| has/have + been + Ved (V3) | had + been + Ved (V3) | will/shall + have + been +Ved (V3) |
| Letters have been already sent. . | Letters had been sent before he phoned. , . | Letters will have been sent by 5 tomorrow. 5 . |
, Perfect Continuous .
Simple Tenses
Present Simple Passive
Present Simple 䳺 -ed 3 ( ) 䳺 am, is are (䳺 to be ). Am 1 (I), is 3 (he, she, it), are . :
+ am / is / are + 䳺 -ed 3
:
The house is buil t. .
Past Simple Passive
Past Simple 䳺 䳺 was were (to be ). Was 1 3 (I, he, she, it). :
+ was / were + 䳺 -ed 3
:
The car was repaired by Sam. - .
Future Simple Passive
Future Simple 䳺 -ed 3 ( ) willbe shall be. :
+ will / shall + be + 䳺 -ed 3
:
The house will be built. .
Continuous Tenses
