1. -s -es. -s [z] , [s] :
| [z] | [z] | [s] |
| pen - pens ball - balls friend - friends | day - days boy - boys tie - ties | desk - desks ship - ships part - parts |
-es :
1) , s, ss, , sh, ch, tch. -es [iz]:
| [izl | [iz] |
| bus - buses class - classes fox - foxes | dish - dishes bench - benches match - matches |
2) , , i:
| a city | cities |
| a lady | ladies |
| a cry | cries |
| a baby | babies |
3) , :
a hero - heroes, a potato - potatoes, : piano - pianos; photo - photos.
:
1) , -f(e), -(e)s, [z], f v: half - halves, wife - wives, life - lives, loaf - loaves, knife - knives Ho: roof - roofs; chief - chiefs; handkerchief - hand-kerchiefs.
2) : man- men, woman- women, tooth- teeth, foot- feet, goose- geese, mouse- mice, louse- lice
4) child () () -en, child [ai] - [i]: child-children; ox-oxen. , , , :
| cactus | cacti |
| focus | foci |
| fungus | fungi |
| nucleus | nuclei |
| syllabus | syllabi |
| phenomenon | phenomena |
| analysis | analyses |
| diagnosis | diagnoses |
| oasis | oases |
| thesis | theses |
| crisis | crises |
, , : formula - formulas, vacuum - vacuums, ultimatum - ultimatums
5) : sheep- sheep, fish- fish, deer- deer, species- species, aircraft- aircraft, means- means
: : fish - fishes.
-man -man -men, : sportsman - sportsmen; postman - postmen; fisherman - fishermen.
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, , , : pen-fri- end - pen-friends; mother-in-law - mothers-in-law; passer-by - passers-by;
, , : looker-on - lookers-on; court martial - courts martial; man-of-war - men-of-war.
5. :
news: The news is on at 6.30 p.m.
athletics: Athletics is good for young people.
liguistics: Linguistics is the study of language.
darts: Darts is a popular game in England.
billiards: Billiards is played all over the world.
A : information (, ), advice (, .), furniture (), progress (, ), money (), series (, ).
6. , :
trousers: My trousers are too tight. jeans: Her jeans are black.
glasses: Those glasses are his.
(The Article)
- , . : (the indefinite article) - a, an (the definite article) - the.
! . , : a week, a minute, good answer. an , : an uncle, an apple, an old woman.
: the table, a window, the books I am reading. , , : a black dog, the school library, a good student.
, , - , .
/n one (). , .
:
1. : There is a man and a woman near our house.
2. to be , , . . Pete is a clever student. My mother is a teacher.
3. : A dog is a domestic animal.
4. what, such: What an interesting film! Such a nice girl!
the :
1. , (, ) : Nick is in the garden. The beds here are comfortable.
, : The rose is a beautiful flower. The dog is the friend of man.
2. : the sun, the earth, the moon, the sky, the galaxy, the universe.
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3. , : Ive bought a house in Wales. The house is in an agricultural area.
4. : the Smiths, the Browns.
, (, , , , , , , , ): the Black Sea, the Baltic Sea, the Thames, the Volga, the Atlantic, the Pacific, the Sahara, the Alps, the Urals, the Azores, the Crimea, the United States, : South Africa, North America.
(, , , , , -, , ): the National Gallery, the British Museum, the Royal Shakespeare (Theatre), the Savoy (Hotel), the Beatles, the Guardian, the Titanic.
5. : is the first man to climb this mountain.
6. : This is the shortest way to the river.
7. : following, last, next, same, very ( , ), only ():
Write down the following sentences. Ann is the only child of her parents. They ve made the same mistake again.
8. : the North, the South, the East, the West.
9. : the piano, the guitar. Can she play the piano?
10. cinema, theatre, radio, television. We went to the cinema last night. They often listen to the radio.
:
1. : I like dogs.
: Children, be quiet! Doctor, shall I take this medicine?
2. father, mother, uncle, aunt : Mother asks you to help her.
3. , , : Spring is my favourite season. Ill call you on Monday. Christmas is a very popular holiday. : : The winter of 1941 was very cold. The summer was very hot.
4. breakfast, dinner, lunch, supper: Have you had breakfast? What did you have for dinner? : : Did you like the dinner? I cooked it myself. ( ) , , : I like music. Lets do literature together tonight. , . Pass me the sugar, please. They were ready to defend the freedom of their country.
5. , , : Simon, Mary, Moscow, England, Oxford Street. hospital (), prison (), school (), university (), college (), church () , , , , : , , , , . ., Nick is ill, he is in hospital. Ho: Sam is not ill, he came to the hospital to visit Nick. Don is in prison for robbery. Ho: Dons mother went to the prison to visit his son. Hank left school and went to university. Ho: Hanks parents came to the school to speak to his teachers. Hanks parents wanted to see the university. Mrs. Dobson goes to church every Sunday. Ho: They asked him to come to the church to repair the door.
6. to go to bed, to be in bed to stay in bed, to go to work, to be at work, to start work, to finish work, to go home, to come home, to be at home, to stay at home .
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