( ), . , , , . , ( ?).
:
1)
: laboratory equipment .
2)
: a physics teacher .
3)
: the atomic energy conference .
thethe.
the(more)the(better) , , .
: The more experiments scientists make, the greater is their knowledge of the structure of matter.
, .
II.
ed(asked)
III
| 1. | ? | - | - - , - , - , - , -, - |
| 2.- | ? ? ? ? | - ( ). - if, when, unless, as. | 1. - , 2. + |
: 1. , ed. Participle II , Past Indefinite.
: The device tested showed good performance.
.
2. II . . Participle II , . Participle II , .
: The device tested in our laboratory showed good performance.
, , .
Passive Voice. Indefinite Tenses.
Indefinite to be Participle II.
| to be + Participle II |
| Present Indefinite Passive | am, is, are + Participle II | |
| Past Indefinite Passive | was, were + Participle II | |
| Future Indefinite Passive | shell be | + Participle II |
| will be |
|
|
|
Passive Voice , . , by, .
Passive Voice :
1) + ;
2) -, -;
3) 3- - ;
4) ( ).
: Many experiments werecarried out in our laboratory.
.
.
.
Many experiments werecarried out in our laboratory by the students of our group.
.
. , , , , ( ) , .
: The scientists works are often referred to.
.
1. , , , , ?
, ?
? ?
2. ?
?
, . thethe?
3. Participle II ?
Participle II?
Participle II ?
Participle II:
1) ? 2) ?
Participle II ?
Participle II:
1) ? 2) ?
4. to be Present, Past Future Indefinite.
Indefinite?
4 , .
2. .
. 1 .
: State library
an evening student -
Moscow University, a library book, an English language teacher, laboratory equipment, research work, radio equipment laboratory, a lecture hall, correspondents student, entrance examinations, spring holidays, low temperature physics.
2. , .
|
|
|
: high - , higher - , the highest .
Accurate, good, great, possible, late, little, difficult, simple, bad, important, easy, far, low, much, heavy, small.
3. , , .
1. This classroom is larger and lighter then other classrooms.
2. Mathematics is one of the most important subjects at any technical Institute.
3. My friend speaks English better then me.
4. The results of our last experiment are more accurate then the results of the previous experiments.
5. The results of my first experiment were the worst.
4. , thethe, .
: The more time students spend in the reading room, the more information they get.
, .
1. The more experiments scientists make, the greater is their knowledge in their field of studies.
2. The better we know the grammar rules, the fewer mistakes we make.
3. The more you study, the better you know the subject.
4. The more you read, the more you learn.
5. The better you learn the works, the sooner you will master English.
6. The more I student the problem, the better I understood its importance.
7. The more time students spend in the language laboratory, the more they improve their pronunciation.
5. , . .
: 1. Then asked about the result of his last experiment the student answered that it was not satisfactory.
, , ().
2. The lecturer answered all questions asked by the students.
, ().
1. The research done by the students showed good results.
2. If finished in time these experiments will be of great help for our research.
3. The methods used improved the results of the experiment.
4. The student translated an article written by a famous English physicist.
5. When worked out the design will be examined by the chief engineer.
6. The data obtained by the student were used in his scientific report.
7. Unless provided with all the necessary instruments they will not be able to get good results.
6. , Participle I Participle II, .
1. The theory worked out by the scientist led him to an interesting discovery.
2. Using new methods of research we shell increase the accuracy of our work.
3. When carefully analyzed the obtained results were used in our new research.
4. Students making such mistakes must work hard at their English.
5. When translating the article the student used a dictionary.
6. The student translating this text made few mistakes.
7. New classification suggested by this scientist was a great discovery.
7. , , .
: 1. Much attention is given to the study of this subject.
.
2. Much attention was given to the study of this subject.
.
3. Much attention will be given to the study of this subject.
.
1. The new discovery will be much spoken about.
2. The delegation of foreign students was shown all the laboratories of our Institute.
3. This book is translated into Russian.
|
|
|
4. These data will be referred to in our next article.
5. I was invited to take part in the scientific conference.
6. Theoretical studies are followed by practical training.
7. The Moscow University is named after the great Russian scientist Lomonosov.
8. , , . .
1. Our students are provided with all the necessary literature.
2. We have no lectures today.
3. Much attention is given to the independent students work.
4. They will soon graduate from the Institute.
5. A great number of experiments was made by the students of our group.
6. Some of the best students will be selected to remain at the Institute to do post-graduate work.
7. A wide range of clubs was organized by the students themselves.
3. .
1: ) , :
institution, contribution, exhibition, condition, attention, graduation, investigation, combination;
) :
quality, group, society, to engage, experience, design, annually, allowance, consciousness, engineering, guidance;
) :
1) :
science, student, practice, future, culture, knowledge, feature, element;
2) :
employ, provide, prepare, equip, combine, expose, submit, design, create, career.
2. , :
industry, experiment, laboratory; culture, problem, element, prize, project, thesis, course, career.
3. :
study student; educate education; science scientist, scientific; graduate graduation; combine combination; investigate investigator, investigation; to exhibit exhibition; differ difference, different; equip equipment; design designer.
4. , , . . 5.
TEXT
Training Scientists in our country
The aim of our countrys higher education is to train all-round developed students with a high degree of social consciousness, culture and knowledge. That is the students are trained morally, intellectually and physically.
There are 3 characteristic features of teaching. First, theory is combined with practice. Second, great attention is paid to the quality of studying. Third, students must know how to educate themselves.
Students are also trained for research work. At secondary schools boys and girls get first elements of scientific training.
These first elements of scientific training are developed later at schools of higher learning. At higher schools students begin to take part in scientific and engineering work. Besides their students, they carry on research in different students groups and societies. Students interested in science join the Students Scientific Society. They are engaged in investigation of problems, carry out experiments in research laboratories, design up-to-date instruments and make reports at scientific conferences. The members of the Students Scientific Society work under the guidance of experienced teachers. The most interesting devices designed by the students are annually exposed at different exhibitions and win prizes. Many graduation projects submitted by the students are later used in industry.
But the best way to get scientific training is the post-graduate course. There are both full time and correspondence post-graduate courses. All post-graduate study free of charge. Those who take a full time post-graduate course get state allowances. Universities and institutes provide post-graduate free of charge with all scientific instruments and experimental and laboratory equipment. As a result of their work they present a thesis for a scientific degree.
|
|
|
But that is the only way to train future scientists. Another way is to create conditions for specialists to carry out on research in different institutions, factories, etc., and present a thesis for a scientific degree after they finish their work.
Our country provides young people with everything necessary to prepare for a scientific career and to make important contribution to the development of science.
5. :
to pay attention -
to be engaged in
under the guidance
to submit a project
a graduation project
scientific degree
to win a prize
to take a post-graduate course
state allowance
to present a thesis
state allowance
all-round education
to carry on scientific research
free of charge
6. , . . , .
. 7. .
1. What is the aim of higher education in our country?
2. What are the 3 characteristic features of teaching?
3. What work are students engaged in the Students Scientific Society?
4. What is the best way to get scientific training?
5. What facilities have post-graduates for their work?
6. What is the result of their work?
7. What is another way to get scientific training?
. 8. :
1. .
2. , .
3. .
4. II.
5. .
, .
1.secondary
2.higher education
3.to enter an institute
4.to graduate from an institute
a graduate
post-graduate
post-graduate course
to take a post-graduate course
5.full-time, part-time, extra-mural education
6.to take examinations
7.to pass examinations
8.free of charge
9.to provide
10.at the disposal of smb.
11.curriculum
12.to pay attention to
13.to take part
14.scientific and engineering work
15.social and exact sciences
16.to design
17.investigation = research
18.state allowance
19.a graduation project
20.to present a thesis
21.scientific degree
22.to make a contribution
23.to be engaged in
1
: .
I. .
1. . Indefinite (Present, Past, Future) ().
2. . Continucus (Present, Past, Future) .
3. . Perfect (Present, Past, Future) .
:
1. . . . . .,1960.
1. Indefinite Tenses, . 251,267.
2. Continuous Tenses, . 256,269.
3. Perfect Tenses, . 258,269.
2. . . .
. ., , 1980.
1. Indefinite Tenses, . 332-340.
2. Continuous Tenses, . 341-343.
3. Perfect Tenses, . 343-346
:
1. Continuous, Perfect?
? ?
2. , Continuous, Perfect?
3. Continuous, Perfect ?
.
.
|
|
|
| Indefinite | Continuous | Perfect | |
 -
| ( ) | ( , ) | - |
| Present | Ask, asks (, , ) | am are asking is () | have} has } asked |
| Past | Asked , (- ) | was} were} asking ( - ) | Had asked ( ) |
| Future | shell} will } ask | shell} will} ( - ) | ( - ) |
.
| Indefinite | Continuous | Perfect | |
| Present | am are asked is (, , ) | am} being are} asked is} () | have} been has} asked |
| Past | was} asked were} (-) | was} being were} asked ( - ) | Had been asked ( - ) |
| Future | Shell} will } be asked | shell} have been will } asked ( - ) |
.
( , ).
The results of the experiment are refereed to.
.
New discovery was much spoken about.
.
2. .
. 1. ,
: 1. Students are listening to a lecture.
are listening Present Continuous, Active.
.
2. Students are being listened to by academics.
are being listened - Present Continuous, Passive.
.
1. They were making a lot of noise.
2. A test is being written by listeners.
3. Students will be spending their holidays abroad.
4. The report was being made by the famous scientist.
5. A laboratory assistant is putting a reel on the tape recorder because he is going to listen to a text.
6. The rector of the Institute will be informing the graduates of their future work in a day from 5 to 7.
. 2. , .
: 1. He had chosen all necessary text-book in the reading-hall.
had chosen Past Perfect, Active.
.
2. Some books had been looked through by him before he wrote a plan for his report
had been looked - Past Perfect, Passive.
, .
1. The article had been translated into English, German and Franch.
2. Students had already passed two exams.
3. They said that they had know her since 1970.
4. We had studied hard before we took our exams.
5. Have you ever been to Great Britain?
6. Theyll have taken their exams by the end of this month.
7. He has finished the first chapter of his thesis.
8. These scientists have already published two articles this year.
9. Had you learned English before you entered the Institute?
10. It had been snowing for a week when we came to the town.
11. The typist has been already paid for her work.
. 3. , .
1. The professor was delivering the final lecture of the term.
2. As soon as I am back Ill ring you up.
3. I dont believe Ill be having a rest at this time tomorrow.
4. My friend had worked as a laboratory assistant before he entered the Institute.
5. He hasnt returned the manuscript yet.
6. She found out her friends telephone number.
7. Fred is going to work at that office until he finds another job.
8. Robert has made very good progress in mathematics.
9. He always follows his teachers advice.
10. What did she read in the newspaper about the expedition?
11. Progress is made every day in the world of science.
12. That information was relied upon.
3. .
. 1. .
Phylosophy, mathematics, physics, professor, problem, theory, practice, laboratory, ocean, principle, experiments, natural, resources.
. 2. :
science scientist scientific; to know knowledge; home homeless; difficult difficulties; problem problematic; theory theoretical; formulate formula; electricity electrical; found foundation; various variety; read really realization.
. 3. , , . 4.
, .
TEXT
M. V. Lomonosov.
The great scientist, M. V. Lomonosov, was born in 1711, far off in the North. He did not go to school, but he learned to read at an early age and soon knew by heart the few books that he had. His thirst for knowledge was so great that at age of 19 he left his fathers home and started on foot to Moscow, where he entered the Slavonic-Greek-Latin Academy. His first years of study were difficult, but he worked hard and made great progress. He continued his studies in Petersburg and later on in foreign countries.
Lomonosov had studied phylosophy, chemistry, mathematics, physics and foreign languages before he came back to Petersburg. At the age of 35 he was already a professor.
It is impossible to name a scientific problem that did not attract his attention. He always tried to find a practical application for scientific problem and stood for close cooperation between theory and practice. He founded the first chemical laboratory in Russia. He formulated the main principles of one of the basic laws in physics the law of conservation of matter and motion. He also made a number of experiments with atmospheric electricity and gave much time to the study of the natural resources of the earth and the ocean.
He lectured on physics and other subjects, taught students, translated the works of various foreign scientists into Russian. He himself wrote books in the Russian language. He give much attention to scientific research in the Russian language and grammar.
Lomonosov died in April, 1765. He devoted his whole life to the development of Russian science, and all that he did, he did for his people and for his country.
We call Lomonosov the father of Russian science because he is really the first Russian scientist in the true sense of the word.
. 4. , .
to know by heart; thirst for knowledge; to make a progress; to attract ones attention; practical application; basic law; conservation of matter and motion; to give attention to; to devote; true sense.
. 5. , :
) ,
) , .
. 6. :
1. How and when did Lomonosov learn to read?
2. What Academy did Lomonosov enter at the age of 19?
3. What subjects did Lomonosov study?
4. What scientific problems was Lomonosov interested in?
5. What did he lecture on?
6. Why do we call Lomonosov the father of Russian?
2
: , to be, to have.
I. :
1. , :
can(could), to be able, to may (might), to be allowed to.
2. , (): must, to have to, should, to be obliged to.
:
1. . . . . .,1960. 11, . 275-278
2. . . . . ., , 1980. 100-108, . 349-352
3. , :
1. to be, 171-172, . 384-386, . .
2. to have, 174-177, . 388-390, . .
, .
, ( , , ):
must to be (to)
to have (to)
to be obliged (to)
should
ought (to)
: You must take part in this work.
.
You dont have to go there every day.
.
to have(to) , .
to be(to) , .
This project is to be developed in 2 years.
2 .
We should go there as soon as possible.
.
You ought not to do it tomorrow.
.
.
can (could) to be able to.
: You can learn any language if you really want to.
, .
: We shell be able to discuss this problem at our scientific conference.
.
may (might) to be allowed to , , , , .
: May I take this textbook for two weeks?
2 ?
: The students were allowed to use all the laboratory equipment in their research work.
.
to be
| 1. | He was my best friend. | . | |
| 2. | Who is to make a report tonight? | ? | |
| 3. | The students are translating the text (Continuous Tense) The text is translated by the students(Passive Voice) The text was translated. The text will be translated. | . . . . | |
| 4. - | I am extramural student. | . |
to have
| 1. | We have all the literature necessary for our research | , . | ||
| 2. | The students had to pass examinations in time. | . | ||
| 3. | The scientist has made a number of experiments. | . |
1. , , ()?
2. to be to have ?
3. can (to be able to) may (to be allowed) . ?
2. .
1. , . , .
1. All the students have to attend lecture every day.
2. The text was very difficult and the student was allowed to use a dictionary.
3. The engine must be made as simple as possible.
4. In arranging the elements in the periodic system Mendeleyev had to leave gaps ().
5. With we aid of radar systems passenger liners can navigate accurately and safely at any time.
6. Extra-mural students may take their examinations all the year round.
7. Yablochkov didnt get support in tsarist Russia and was obliged to leave his motherland.
8. You ought to remember that Lodygin was the first inventor of the incandescent lamp.
9. She needs to go to a sanatorium where she will be able to get a complete rest.
10. You should have used these data in your experimental work.
11. We are to leave you now. It is 2 oclock already.
12. He would sit for hours making his experiments again and again.
2. , . to be. .
1: How long are you to stay there?
?
to be
2: The Novovoronezhskaya atomic power station is one of the biggest power station in our country.
.
to be
3: You friend is waiting for you in the laboratory.
.
to be
1. The pressure in this tube is to be measured several times during the experiment.
2. Electronics is the science the progress of which is clearly seen in our century.
3. Then the teacher came in the students were doing their laboratory tests.
4. The results of their experiments were to be discussed at the scientific conference.
5. An atom is composed of a number of electrons grouped around a nucleus.
6. The form of energy which has a promising future is solar energy.
3. , . to have. .
1: Scientists had to make a great number of investigations to improve radar equipment.
, .
to have
2: Ordinary visible light rays have a wave length ranging from a 25-thousenth of an inch to a 60-thousenth of an inch.
25 60 .
to have
3: The scientists have learned that cosmic rays are trully a universal phenomenon.
(), .
to have
1. We shell have to work out a new method of cooling the product.
2. All molecules have the same average energy at any given temperature.
3. Not all the atoms in gas have the same speed, some travel more slowly and others more rapidly.
4. They have passed their final examinations successfully.
5. I think you have to check your calculations once again.
6. Henry Bessemer had made a lot of experiments before he discovered a new process of manufacturing.
3. .
1. , 2- .
1. different
2. called
3. University
4. elements
5. structure
6. regard
7. indivisible
8. showed
9. radioactivity
10. important
11. society
2. :
1. science scientist scientific
2. divide divisible indivisible
3. far further
4. radioactive radioactivity
5. atom atomic
3. . , . .
TEXT
Ernest Rutherford
Ernest Rutherford was born on August 30, 1871 in South Island, New Zealand in the family of English settlers. Little Ernest was the fourth child in the family. He was one of the best pupils at school. The boy was interested in physics, chemistry, mathematics. He liked to make models of different machines.
At the age of 19 Ernest entered the only New Zealand University called Canterbury College. He studied much and also took active part in the work of the Scientific Society at the University. At one of the meetings of this society he made his scientific report The Evolution of Elements . At the same time he began his research work.
Later Ernest Rutherford went to Cambridge where he could continue his investigations. The main scientific problem at that time at Cambridge was the structure of the atom. The scientist had to work hard. As a result he wrote his famous work: The Scattering of Alpha and Beta Particles of Matter and the Structure of the Atom. The book dealt with so-called atom models . The atoms had always been regarded as the smallest indivisible units of matter. Rutherford was able to show that the atom was made up of smaller parts and had a complex structure. The atom had a central nucleus and a number of electrons revolving around it. It was Rutherford who showed that the atom could be bombarded so that the electrons could be thrown off. The splitting of the atom opened to a man a new and enormous source of energy. The most important results were obtained by splitting of uranium atoms.
Ernest Rutherford worked in Canada, lectured in the United States and England. He paid much attention to his young pupils. Rutherford made a thorough study of radioactivity and taught young scientist in the field of atomic research. At present we are only at the beginning of the use of atomic energy for peaceful purposes.
.4. .
1. to be interested in (physics, chemistry, etc.)
2. to take part in
3. scientific society
4. indivisible units
5. the splitting of the atom
6. scattering of particles
7. enormous source of energy
.5. .
1. What subjects was little Ernest interested in?
2. Where did Rutherford begin his research work?
3. What is the title of his famous scientific work?
4. What did this work deal with?
5. How did Ernest Rutherford describe the structure of the atom?
6. What is written about Rutherfords pedagogical work?
.6. , .
3
: one,that, ().
1. .
1. that,those,one,ones.
2. one.
3. Participle I and Participle II ()
4. Participle I and Participle II ().
.
1. . . . .- ., 1980.
1. one, .21(2), .298.
2. that,those, .21(2), .296.
3. I, II, .17, .288.
2. . . . ., 1980.
1. that, .139, . 400.
2. that,those, .12, .314.
3. -, .117-118, .386.
4. one - , .18, .319.
5. I, .93-94, .365.
6. II, .95-96, .367.
-
, , . -.
one. ones ( one).
The new laboratory is equipped better than the old one. - , ().
There are many technical journals in our study. The most interesting ones are on that shelf. - . () - .
one - , .
, - , that ( those).
that (those) , .
The accuracy of this hew device is higher then that of the old one. - , ().
one
- .
one .
, must, should,can. ,, . one , .
One should always come to the class in time. - .
one
| 1.There is one table in this classroom. | . | One + - . | |
| 2. One can easily understand this text without a dictionary. | ( ) - . | One + | |
| 3.This experiment is more complicated than that one. | -- | , (). | That + one + one |
that
| 1. That exercise was very difficult. | - . | That + - . | |
| 2.We know that all substances consist of atoms. | , - . | That + - - | |
| 3.My experiment is more compli- cated than that of my friend. | - | , () . | That + . |
1. , ? ?
?
2. one ? ?
3. one? ?
4. that? ? ? that ?
5. ?
2. .
.1. , that, those, . .
: This machine is more powerful than that operating in our shop. - , , .
1. The accuracy of this new instrument is much higher than that of the old instrument.
2. The laboratories of our Institute are much better equipped than those of other Institutes.
3. The new method of research is much more efficient than that used previously.
4. The devices at our laboratory are not so modern as those at other laboratories.
5. The book which I am reading now is more interesting than that which we read before.
.2. , one, ones, . .
: The accuracy of this new instrument is much higher than the accuracy of the old one. - , .
1. This text is not so difficult as that one.
2. This classroom is larger and lighter than other ones.
3. Our old laboratory instruments were much worse than the new ones.
4. This student is much brighter than that one.
5. The number of discoveries in our century is much greater than in the previous one.
3. one . .
: One must always be careful operating this machine-tool.
.
1. To translate well one must know both words and grammar.
2. One should be very careful and attentive beginning an experiment.
3. One cannot read such technical papers without a dictionary.
4. One can easily understand this text.
5. One should pay more attention to the results of the experiments.
4. , . one (, , -).
: One must know ones duty.
( ).
1.The idea of automation is one of the most important ideas for modern industry.
2. One can easily regulate the rate of this reaction.
3. This experiment is more complicated than that one.
4. Before beginning an experiment one should carefully read all the instructions.
5. He is one of the best students of our group.
5. , . that (, , -).
: We know that scientists studied the structure of matter.
, ().
1. We could use that apparatus for important for various kinds of tests.
2. The result of our last work is more important for us than that of the previous work.
3. We know that this scientist works in the field of physics.
4. The text of the first variant of our test-paper is more difficult for translation than that of the second variant.
5. The advantage of that device was its high efficiency.
6. , , . .
: While doing research he suggested a theory which led him to an interesting discovery.
, , ().
1. Some scientists carrying out research in this field came to Dubna to work there.
2. While carrying out research the engineer suggested a new method of preparation this material.
3. Newtons classical work Principia ( ) published in 1687 was compared to a sunrise due to its tremendous importance to science.
4. When published Newtons classical work Principia greatly influenced the development of science.
5. New classification suggested by this scientist was a great discovery.
3. .
1. :
) , ea:
[ i: ] mean, steam, heat, leave, treat, cease, clean, each;
[ e ] instead, weapon, leather, ready, wealth, health, already;
) , :
2- : achievement, discovery, advantage, comparision, successful, improvement, support, electrode, experiment.
3- : application, incandescent, introduce, economic.
2. :
electrode, electricity, demonstration, economy, experiment, practical, lamp, patent.
3. :
to create - creator - creation - creative; to invent - inventor - inventive - invention; success - successful - succession - successive - successor; electric - electrical - electrical - electrician - electricity - electrify; to demonstrate - demonstrator - demonstrative - demonstration; economy - economic - economical - economist; to found - founder - foundation.
4. , , .
TEXT
Lodygin
The creation of the first incandescent lamp is closely connected with the name of the well-known Russian scientist and inventor, Alexander Nicolayevitch Lodygin.
Lodygin created the first incandescent lamp and laid the foundation for the production of the present-day incandescent lamps that are more economical than those with carbon electrodes. He was also the first inventor who discovered the advantages of the metal wire filaments in comparison with other ones.
Lodygins great achievement paved the way for further successful work of a number of other Russian electrical engineers.
In 1872 Lodygin constructed a number of incandescent lamps, these first lamps consisted of a glass bulb with a carbon rod serving as a filament.
In 1873 he produced an improved lamp having two carbon electrodes instead of one and a longer life. That very year Lodygin demonstrated his invention in several Petersburg streets, lighting them by means of his electric lamps. It was the first practical application of the incandescent lamp for lighting purposes. Lots of people went out into the streets to see electric lights for the first time in their life and for the first time in the world.
Lodygin was never satisfied with his achievements and continued to perfect his invention. Indeed, a more perfect lamp designed by him appeared in 1875. The interest in Lodygins lamp greatly increased. However, under very hard economic conditions existing in tsarist Russia he got neither help nor the necessary support to realize his plans. He himself was practically without money, because he spent all he had on his numerous experiments.
Lodygins study of metal filaments having a high melting point is a work of world importance. He introduced tungsten filaments in a vacuum. He received a patent for his invention in America. The electric lamps that light your rooms every evening have tungsten filaments.
Lodygin died on the 16-th if March, 1923, at the age of 76.
5. :
incandescent lamp -
wire filament -
tungsten filament -
carbon rod -
glass bulb -
melting point -
vacuum -
electrode -
electric lights -
practical application -
a means -
by means of -
perfect (adj.) -
to perfect (v.)-
to improve -
6. , , .
7. .
1. What was Lodygins great invention?
2. What lamps are more economical?
3. What lamp did Lodygin construct in 1872?
4. What improvements did he make in 1873?
5. Where did Lodygin demonstrate his invention?
6. Who introduced tungsten filaments?
7. What filaments are used now in electric lamps?
8. ones those -. .
, :
1) to work hard 9) to attract attention
2) to be interested in 10) thorough study
3) to devote 11) to invent
4) to create 12) discovery
5) achievement 13) success
6) application 14) improvement
7) to perfect 15) advantage
8) to be born 16) to be burried
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1
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TEXT
The Institute I study at
I am a first year student of the Chelyabinsk Polytechnic Institute. I study at the extra-mural department. Our Institute was founded on December 15, 1943 and was first called the Chelyabinsk Mechanical-Technological Institute. There were only two faculties: the Tank faculty and the Mechanical-Technological faculty. Only 80 students and 14 teachers began the first academic year. In January 1951 the Institute was reorganized into the Chelyabinsk Polytechnic and later was included into a group of 30 largest higher schools in the country.
At present about 20 000 students and post-graduates study at its day-time, evening and extra-mural departments. The biggest faculties are as follows: Instrument Making, Building Engineering, Automabile and Tractor, Metallurgical, Mechanical-Technological and Power Engineering ones. There are 73 chairs at the Institute training specialists for various branches of industry. The ChPI occupies 5 modern multistoried buildings. Each houses many lecture halls, libraries, reading-halls, a great number of well-equipped laboratories, workshops and a computer center as well. Since 1943 thousands of students have graduated from the ChPI.
The Chelyabinsk polytechnic is one of the largest research centers of our country. Its research activities are aimed at solving the most important theoretical and practical problems in the fields of electronics, construction, metallurgy, transport, etc. The Institute has 16 large research laboratories, which are equipped with up-to-date instruments. The ChPI takes part in international scientific Conferences. It is a regular participant of the Exhibition of Economic Achievements in Moscow. The Institute has scientific contacts with many enterprises in other cities.
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