| 1. | , | , , , , , , |
| 2. "it" | ( , , , - ) : to believe, to consider, to think, to find, to maintain. | . |
| 3. "it" | ||
| 4. "it" | "it is (was)that (who)" | , , , "it is (was)that (who)" . |
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1 2 3
1. Students translate texts.
1 2 3
2. Now the students of this group often translate English special texts.
3. This year the students of all the groups of our Institute very often
2 3
translate special texts from the American and English scientific journals.
, , .
:
1. ? . , .
2. ? ?
3. ? -? , ?
4. ? - - it ? . "some", "any" , ?
5. ? - "no"?
6. , :
) ;
) ;
) .
7. :
) ;
) ; ? .
) .
8. :
) ,
) ,
) ,
) .
2. .
1. , .
: a student - students; -
Man, branch, study(n), apparatus, discovery, library, faculty, industry, university, lecture, day, country, language, child.
2. , .
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: Our Institute's laboratory - .
This professor's lectures, student's graduation papers, teacher's consultations, their examinations, at student's disposal, my friend's textbook, the laboratory's equipment, scientists' training, teacher's help.
3. C , . .
: ) He is a first year student. - ( ).
) Students are always very busy. .
, .. .
) The students of our group are in the laboratory now.
. ( , .. , ).
1. Have you a telephone?The telephone is out of order.
2. Many foreign students get higher education in our country.
3. The period of study at a higher school is usually from 4 to 6 years.
4. Penza is a big industrial center.
5. The lectures of our professor attract great attention.
6. We have English books at home.
7. He is clever student.
8. There are 6 sentences in this exercise.
4. . , , .
: Qualified teachers deliver lectures to students. . ( to ).
1. The equipment of the laboratory is modern.
2. This task is too difficult to him.
3. We translate texts with the help of a dictionary.
5. , , it.
1. I read your paper and found it very interesting.( ). .
1. You need this book. Take it please.
2. Come to this professor's lecture. It is very interesting.
2. It is out of the question to combine these substances.( "it"). .
1. It is 5 o'clock now.
2. It is too late to go to the library.
3. It is very difficult task.( "it"). .
1. Try to learn a foreign language. It is useful.
4. It was he who helped me.( ). .
1. It is in September that the academic year begins.
2. It is your friend who helps you pass your exam well.
6. . , it.
1. It takes 10 minutes to get to the Institute.
2. It is this method which helps to obtain () good results in our laboratory work.
3. I do not find it difficult to solve the equation.
4. In ancient times it was believed that the earth was flat.
5. Take my dictionary. It will help you with translations.
6. Future engineers get a fundamental general and specialized training. It is very important for their future work.
6. , .
1. Are these words difficult?
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2. Let us speak English now?
3. Whose book is this?
4. Nobody goes to the Institute on Sundays.
5. Each student receives individual help and attention.
7. , "to be", "to have", .
: ). Students have all the facilities for studies. - () .
).There are two terms in the academic year. - .
1. My friend is a first year student.
2. It is necessary to study foreign languages.
3. The University has many good laboratories.
4. The students were always present at the lectures.
5. We have English books at home.
6. I shall be glade to help you.
7. The professor had three lectures yesterday.
8. (. ).
: is, in, she, the laboratory, now.
1 2 3 4
She is in the laboratory now.
1. I, at home, stay, in the evening, often.
2. Study, subjects, technical, students, at the Institute.
3. Lasts, each, 90 minutes, lesson.
4. Test-paper, write, at the end of each term, students.
9. , .
| 1. | -er | Worker | |
| 2. | -ing | ||
| 3. | -ist | ||
| 4. | -ent, -ant |
Teacher, scientist, assistant, writing, student, specialist, lecturer, graduating.
3. .
1. .
). , .
[ei] - Age, make, up-to-date, paper.
[æ] - language, man.
[ɔ:] - all.
[⋀] - republic, subject, instruction, study.
[ju] - student, extra-mural, computing.
). , .
Kn [n] knowledge.
Th [ð], [θ] method, mathematics, this, the.
). , , 3- 4- . .
Education [,edju:'keiʃǝn]
Industry ['indǝstri]
General ['dʒenǝrǝl]
Fundamental [,f⋀ndǝmentl]
Material [mǝ'tiǝriǝl]
University [,ju:ni'və:siti]
Establishment [is'tæbliʃmǝnt]
2. :
Student, institute, professor, engineer, special, plan (n, v), lecture, form (n, v), material (n, a), industry, academic, lecturer, interesting, text, laboratory, mathematics, physics, training, biology, method, economy, culture, seminar, qualification.
3. .
Science scientist scientific
Research (n) research (work)
Industry industrial industrialization
Technique technology technician technical technological
Specialist specialize (n) specialized (PII)
Educational education
Help (n) help (v) helpful
Studies (n) study (v)
Lecture (n) lecturer lecture (v)
Important importance
4. Higher Education, , . 5.
Higher Education in our country
Our age is the age of scientific revolution. Scientists make new discoveries in physics, chemistry, biology and other branches of knowledge. Mathematical methods help to carry out research work. Our country needs more and more highly qualified specialists. More than 850 institutions of higher learning train specialists for our economy and culture. There are three types of higher educational establishments: Universities, Institutes and specialized institutes.
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Our higher schools train specialists for different branches of industry and science. The period of study at a higher school lasts from 4 to 6 years. Future engineers, technicians, teachers, doctors, scientists get a fundamental general and specialized training.
Many people study without leaving their jobs. There are full-time (daytime) students, part-time (evening) students and extra-mural students in our country. Evening students must attend lectures and seminars after their working day. Extra-mural students get all the teaching material and different kinds of test-papers in writing and send them for marking.
The academic year begins in September and ends in June. Higher education is free of charge. Extra-mural students have an additional paid leave. Our higher schools have all the facilities for studies and research work. Large libraries provide all the students with textbooks, instructions and literature on special subjects and different languages. There are numerous laboratories at the disposal of the students. Their equipment includes up-to-date machine tools, modern instruments, computing technique. Experienced professors and teachers deliver lectures in mathematics, physics, chemistry, parts of machines, resistance of materials and many other important subjects. Consultations are also very helpful to the students. Each student receives individual help and attention. At the end of each term all the students take tests and examinations. It requires much time and hard work. Extra-mural students may pass their exams during the terms. After graduating from a higher school all young specialists get work according to their qualification.
5. , .
engineering [,endʒi'niǝriŋ]
to consist (of) ()
term
subject (n) ['s⋀bʤikt] ,
to require [ri'kwaiə]
extra-mural
at the disposal
discovery [dis'k⋀vəri]
to leave ,
leave (n)
branch ,
free of charge
according to [ǝ'kɔ:diŋ]
to graduate - (. )
6. :
, , , , , , , , , , .
7. , , -. .
8. , .
9.
1) 7 .
2) , - tion.
3) , , , .
4) it . .
5) 2 to have, . 3 , to be, .
10. .
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1. What are the three types of higher educational establishments in this country?
2. How long is the period of study?
3. How do extra-mural students get their teaching material?
4. When does the academic year begin?
5. Are there large libraries at our higher schools?
6. What is the equipment of laboratories?
7. When do students take their exams?
2
: Indefinite
(Active). I (Active).
there + be. .
1. .
1. Present, Past, Future Indefinite (Active).
2. there + be .
3. I, .
4. .
:
1. ... . ., 1980.
1. Indefinite: 4, .251-256.
2. there +be - 28, 311.
3. Participle 1 - 17, .288.
4. - 31, .316
2. ... . .,1980.
1. Indefinite - 41-47, .332-337.
2. there + be - 112, .383.
3. Participle I - 94..366-367.
Indefinite (Active Voice)
Indefinite (Present, Past, Future) , (.. -, , : , ).
: My father works as an engineer. - ( , ).
Last year he worked as a laboratory-assistant. - (, ).
Next year they will graduate from the Institute. - (, ).
there + be.
| Present Indefinite Past Indefinite Future Indefinite | There is, there are There was, there were There will be |
, . (), , . there . is, are, was, were, will there. no, much, many, any not.
Participle I
Participle I Active to ing.
To work working, to make making.
| 1. | ? | ( -, -) . | |
| 2.- | ? ? ? ? | ( ). when, while. | - ( ) . |
: Participle I , . . Participle I , , Participle I , .
.
1. Present, Past, Future Indefinite? Present Indefinite , ?
Past Indefinite?
Future Indefinite?
? ?
?
2. there +be ? there ? ? ?
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there + be?
3. Participle I? ? Participle I? ? Participle I ?
4. . ? as, since, before, after.
2. .
1. , , .
. My friend works as an engineer. Present Indefinite, Active.
Does your friend work as an engineer?
My friend does not (doesnt) work a s an engineer.
These students study at the Polytechnical Institute.
Do these students study at the Polytechnical Institute?
These students do not study at the Polytechnical Institute.
1. Scientists make new discoveries in different branches of knowledge.
2. Our country needs highly qualified specialists.
3. Many people study without leaving their jobs.
. He saw them at the laboratory yesterday. Past Indefinite, Active.
Did he see them at the laboratory yesterday?
He did not (didnt) see them at the laboratory yesterday.
1. Engineers course of training lasted 5 years.
2. Last week my brother, an extra-mural student, got test papers on all the subjects.
3. An experienced professor delivered lectures in physics some days ago.
. She will give you this book next week.
Will she give you this book next week?
She will not (wont) give you this book next week.
1. Studies at an Institute will require hard work.
2. We shall make an experiment tomorrow.
3. In a year he will graduate from the Institute.
2. . .
1. Consultations of experienced teachers help extra-mural students greatly.
2. Young specialists will get work according to their speciality when they graduate from a higher school.
3. He sent his test paper by mail.
3. there + be . .
: There are many books on this subject in the library.
Are there many books on this subject in the library?
There are not many books on this subject in the library.
1. There were numerous laboratories at the disposal of students.
2. There are full-time, part-time and extra-mural students in our country.
3. There will be many students at the lecture.
. 4. , . .
: While reading this text he found many interesting facts.
Reading Participle I
, .
Students coming from different parts of our country study at Moscow University.
Coming Participle I
, ( ) , .
1. When answering questions he made mistakes.
2. The professor consultating students is very famous.
3. Evening students study attending lectures and seminars after their working day.
. 5. , . .
: As I am free now, I want to go to the library.
, .
1. Since higher education is free of charge, all textbooks are at the disposal of students free of charge also.
2. As extra-mural education requires hard independent work, consultations of experienced teacher are of great help for extra-mural students.
3. After students graduate from the Institute, they may continue their studies.
3. .
1.
). , u [⋀] ( ):
Such, instructor, multi, study, but, subject, under.
). , :
Curricular, university, theoretical, considerable, competitive, independent.
). :
Higher, entrance, training, society, branch, charge, special.
2. :
Physics, mathematics, geography, profession, programme, instructor, seminar, conference.
3. :
Enter entrance, science scientific, theory theoretical, know knowledge, possible possibility, usual usually, graduate graduation.
4. , , . , . .
Training specialists in our country
Every citizen in our country with a complete secondary education has the possibility to enter a higher school. He passes entrance competitive examinations. Some people get preference since they have experience in practical work. The universities are large centres of education. They offer broad training in sciences such as physics, chemistry, mathematics, biology, geology, geography, philology and so on.
The curricula of colleges and universities provide students with the necessary amount of theoretical knowledge and practical skills in their profession.
Due to new programs students have more time for independent work (under the supervision of instructors if necessary) beginning independent research as early as possible.
There are Students Scientific Societies in all institutions of higher learning of our country. Members of societies carry out research in a field of their choice. They also present scientific papers at seminars and conferences.
Polytechnic and specialized technical institutes offer engineering training in more than two hundred specialities. As Polytechnic institutes are multi-department institutions with a considerable choice of specialities, they give a sound theoretical training and broad knowledge in engineering specialities.
Specialized institutes usually train specialists for some definite branch of industry.
Economic institutes and economic departments of some universities train specialists in economy, trade and finance. Students receive pedagogical and medical education at special institutes as well.
While studying at a university or college students study not only fundamental theoretical and special subjects, but also social sciences.
Persons graduating from a university or college receive the degree of a certificated specialist. Universities and colleges also train post-graduate students. Their course will take another three years after graduation. They will do their research for higher degrees of a Candidate of Science and the degree of Doctor of Sciences.
In our country all types of education are free of charge.
, .
1. secondary education
2. competitive examinations [kǝm´petitiv]
3. curriculum [kǝ´rikjulǝm] ,
4. curricula [kǝ´rikjulǝ] curriculum
5. independent work
6. supervision [,sju:pə´viʒən] ,
7. certificate [sǝ´tifikit]
8. certificated specialist
9. a post-graduate student
10. free of charge
5. , :
). ;
). .
6. :
1). Present, Future Indefinite (Active);
2). Participle I, , ;
3). there +be;
4). .
7. :
1. Who enters a higher school in our country?
2. The entrance exams are very competitive, arent they?
3. What subjects do students study at a university or a college?
4. What degrees do post-graduate students receive?
5. Do graduates get work according to their speciality?
3
:
, ,
II,
Indefinite (Passive).
1: .
1. .
2. .
3. thethe.
4. II, , .
5. Present, Past, Future Indefinite, Passive.
.
1. . . . . .,1960.
1. Indefinite Passive 10, . 267-269.
2. , 22, . 299-300.
3. 19, . 291-292.
4. II 17, . 288-289.
2. . . . . ., , 1980.
1. Indefinite Passive 49-50, . 337-340.
2. , 22, . 321-322.
3. thethe - 24, . 323.
4. 7, . 310.
5. II 95-96, . 367-369.
