. , . .
1.
() + 2() = 2()
298 1000 . .
. , , () :
= ; = .
( 2 [1]), (. 2, 5 1, 6); :
∆ r 0298 = 172,5 , ∆ rS 0298 = 175,66 /.
:
∆ rG 0 = ∆ rH 0298 − T ∆ rS 0298.
:
∆ rG 0298 = 172,5 298 175,6610−3 = 120,15 , ∆ rG 0298> 0;
∆ rG 01000 = 172,5 1000 175,66 10−3 = −3,16 , ∆ rG 01000 < 0.
: KP = exp ()
298 1000 :
298= exp(−120103/8,31298)= = (−48,5) << 1;
Kp 1000 = exp(+316/8,31 1000) = (0,038) = 1,039.
: , 1000 = = 1,039/0,0821000 = 0,013, ∆ν = 2 − 1 = 1.
, 298 , , . ( ) 1000
1, , .
2. ,
3() = = () + 2()
2 2 = 104 .
. : = 2, 2 . = 2 = 104/105 = 0,1.
( 2 [1]);
∆ rH 0298 = 178,1 ; ∆ rS 0298 = 160,5 .
∆ rH 0 ∆ rS 0 ,
∆ rG 0 = ∆ rH 0298 T ∆ rS 0298 ∆ rG 0 = − RT ln .
∆ rG 0 :
∆ rG 0 = ∆ rH 0298 T ∆ rS 0298 = = − RT ln , :
∆ rG 0 = = 178,1∙103 160,5 = −8,31 . ln0,1.
, = 991 .
|
|
3. ,
H2 () + I2 () → 2HI ()
: 2 = 40 /3, : [H2] = 10 /3; [HI ] = 60 /3.
. , .
p = cRT,
, :
p = 2 = 40 .8,31 . 400 = 133 .
: . , :
2 = 10 .8,31 . 400 = 33,3 ,
I = 60 .8,31 . 400 = 199,7 .
:
p = 2 + I = 33,3 + 199,7 = 233 .
4.
H2 () + I2 () → 2HI ()
, 1 / , K = 0,2.
. x / . , , 2 x / , .
:
H2 () | I2 () | HI () | |
0, / | - | ||
∆, / | x | - | 2 x |
, / | 1 − x | - | 2 x |
= 0,2
, , (x / ): x 1 = 0,2; x 2= - 0,25. x . , :
[H2] = (1- x) = 1- 0,2 = 0,8 /,
[HI ] = 2 x = 2 . 0,2 = 0,4 /.