Bob's Bargain Department Store is the cheapest store in town. However, even though it's the cheapest, it isn't the most popular. People don't shop there very often because the products are bad. In fact, some people say the products are the worst in town.
The furniture isn't very comfortable. The clothes aren't very modern. The appliances aren't very dependable and the record-players and tape-recorders aren't very good. Besides that, the
I paid for the blouse. It was 1.15 already. I didn't go back to work. I went straight home and got into bed. It was the only safe place for me that day.
/. Listen to the text "A Bad Day" and answer the questions".
When did the girl wake up last Monday? What happened to her in the morning? at noon?
//. Retell the text.
III. Did you ever have a bad day? What was it like?
Nothing to Eat for Dinner
Jane had to work overtime at the office today. She got home late and she was hungry. When she opened the refrigerator she was very upset. There was nothing to eat for dinner. Jane sat down and wrote a shopping list. She needed a head of lettuce, bananas, a quart of milk, a dozen eggs, two pounds of tomatoes, a pound of butter and a loaf of bread.
Jane rushed out of the house and drove to the supermarket. When she got there she was disappointed. There weren't any bananas. There wasn't any milk. There weren't any eggs. There weren't any tomatoes. There wasn't any butter and there wasn't any bread.
Jane was tired and upset. In fact, she was so tired and upset that she lost her appetite, drove home, didn't have dinner and went to bed.
/. Listen to the text "Nothing to Eat for Dinner" and answer the questions:
Why did Jane get home late? What did she need? Why was she disappointed?
//. Retell the text.
III. Have you ever been in a situation like this one? When was it?
Two Bags of Groceries
Henry is at the supermarket and he's really upset. He just bought some groceries, and he can't believe he just spent forty dollars!
He bought only a few oranges, a few apples, a little milk, a little ice-cream and a few eggs. He also bought just a little coffee, a few onions, a few bananas, a little rice, a little cheese and a few lemons. He didn't buy very much fish.
He didn't buy very many grapes. And he didn't buy very much meat.
Henry just spent forty dollars, and he's walking out of the supermarket with only two bags of groceries. No wonder, he's upset!
/. Listen to the text "Two Bags of Groceries" and answer the questions:
Why is Henry upset? What did he buy? //. Retell the text.
III. When did you last go shopping? Did you buy many things? How much money did you spend?
Self check
/. Fill in the gaps with prepositions where necessary:
Mr Jackson: Excuse me, how do I get... the men's department?
Woman: Over there,... the left, sir.
Mr Jackson: Thank you.
Shop Assistant: What can I do... you?
Mr Jackson: I need... a suit... everyday wear. Can I have
|
|
|
a look... that grey suit? What size is it? Shop Assistant: 16. Mr Jackson: Can I try it...? Shop Assistant: Certainly.
Mr Jackson: I'm afraid this suit is too loose... me. Shop Assistant: I don't think so. It's just... your size. Mr Jackson: All right. I'll take it.
//. Choose the right word:
1. His clothes... poor, a) was b) were
2. He took off his clothes and put... in the wardrobe, a) it b) them
3. I dropped in... Peter on my way to the University, a) at b) on
4. The suit is a little tight... you. a) for b) on
5. Your translation is... than John's, a) more better b) much better
6. Mike is... than his brother, a) more stronger b) stronger
7. Jane has... friends than you. a) less b) fewer
8. I saw a car on... side of the street, a) another b) the other
9. I called... the library yesterday, a) at b) on c) in
///. Translate into English:
?
.
?
46.
? , .
, , ?
. ?
. .
, , .
, .
, . . 48. , .
-, .
, .
?
3000 .
.
Fluency
/. Answer the questions:
a) Do you often go shopping? Is there a greengrocery not far from your house? What is it like? When did you last go to the greengrocer's? What did you buy there?
b) Where do you usually buy your food? What is the shop like? Do you like to do your shopping there? Why? When did you last go to the grocery? What did you buy? How long did it take you to do your shopping there?
c) Which is the biggest department store in Minsk? Where is it? What is it like? Do you sometimes do your shopping there? When did you last go to the department store? Will you describe your
shopping there?
d) What shop do you usually go to if you want to buy a present? What present did you buy for your wife (sister, etc.) on her last birthday? Where did you buy it? Did it take you long to choose the present? Are you sure your wife liked the present?
//. Speak on: a) your last shopping for food; b) your last visit to a department store.
///. Act out the following situations:
1. You buy a sweater and leave it in a store by mistake. When you discover it is missing you return to the store and ask the clerk if he has seen it.
2. You have bought a pullover. You get home, try it on and it doesn't fit. You haven't washed it and you tried it on in the shop Maybe they gave you the wrong pullover by mistake.
UNIT 27
GRAMMAR: MODAL VERBS. BE ABLE TO, HAVE TO, BE TO, CAN (COULD), MUST (REVIEW)
Illustrative Situations
/. Study these example situations:
A. I. Jack will be able to finish the work by Saturday.
Questions: Will Jack be able to finish the work by Saturday' Yes, he will. When will Jack be able to finish the work? What will Jack be able to do by Saturday? Who will be able to finish the work by Saturday? Will Jack be able to finish the work by Saturday or not? Jack will be able to finish the work by Saturday, won't he? Yes. Jack won't be able to finish the work by Wednesday, will he? No. 2. Mary was able to type all the letters yesterday.
|
|
|
Questions: Was Mary able to type all the letters yesterday? Yes, she was. What was Mary able to do yesterday? Who was able to type all the letters yesterday? Was Mary able to type all the letters yesterday or not? Mary was able to type all the letters yesterday, wasn't she?
3. Mrs. Smith is too old. She is not able to look after the house. = She can't look after the house.
I think he is able to do this work himself. = I think he can do this work himself.
Are you able to walk? No, I'm not. There's something wrong with my leg.
B. I. Mr. Dodds has to work hard. He has a large family to support.
Questions: Does Mr. Dodds have to work hard? Yes, he does. What does Mr. Dodds have to do? Why does Mr. Dodds have to work hard? Who has to work hard? Does Mr. Dodds have to work hard or not? Mr. Dodds has to work hard, doesn't he? Yes, he
does.
2. Mrs. Green had to call the doctor. Her child was seriously ill. Questions: Did Mrs. Green have to call the doctor? Yes,
she did. What did Mrs. Green have to do? Who did Mrs. Green have to call? Why did Mrs. Green have to call the doctor? Who had to call the doctor? Did Mrs. Green have to call the doctor or not? Mrs. Green had to call the doctor, didn't she? Yes, she did.
3. Jill will have to go to the dentist tomorrow.
Questions: Will Jill have to go to the dentist tomorrow? What will Jill have to do tomorrow? Where will Jill have to go tomorrow?
Who will have to go to the dentist tomorrow? Will Jill have to go to the dentist or to the surgeon tomorrow? Jill will have to go to the dentist tomorrow, won't she? Yes, she will. Jill won't have to go to the surgeon tomorrow, will she? No, she won't.
C. Hurry up! The train is to leave in ten minutes. Peter and I are going to the theatre today. We are to meet at the entrance to the theatre at 7 o'clock.
//. Listen to the dialogues, read and learn them:
1. Susan doesn't have an easy life.
What do you mean?
She has to get up early every day.
What hard luck!
2. What about going to the pictures?
I'm sorry I can't. I have to finish writing my essay.
Oh, but you needn't. Jack can do it for you.
Good idea.
3. Are you going away on business in two days?
Yes, I think I'll have to.
Can't you put it off till next week?
No, I'm afraid that's out of the question.
4. I want Jim to take me to a dance this evening.
But must he?
Yes, he must. It's his duty.
I don't quite agree with you.
5. I feel very tired these days.
You mustn't read too much.
But I don't.
And you mustn't stay at home too much, either.
6. I'm trying to learn English. Can you tell me how?
Oh, certainly. You must go to England.
Thanks for a good piece of advice.
7. I shan't be able to come to see you tomorrow.
Why?
I'll have to do my homework.
8. I'm going to speak to the boss about my salary today.
I'm afraid you won't be able to do it.
Why not?
Because he is away on business.
9. Will you be able to post these letters today?
I don't think so. I have too much typing to do. 10. Can you dance?
Yes, I can.
Could you dance ten years ago?
No, I couldn't.
11. As a child I could jump well.
I couldn't but I could climb trees.
So could I, but I can't now.
Neither can I.
12. Where are Jack and Jill?
Mother said she needed them at home.
What for?
Jack is to look after the children and Jill is to cook the dinner.
///. Listen to the text:
Frank Martin is very ill. The doctor is talking to him. "You'll have to stay in bed for a week and you'll have to take this medicine every six hours". Frank has a ticket for a big football match tomorrow. He won't be able to use it.
|
|
|
Questions: What's wrong with Frank? What will he have to do? How long will he have to stay in bed? What has Frank got? Will he be able to use it?
Practice
/. Situation: You are a secretary. You work for a big firm. You are always very busy at work. Say what you have to do every day.
Prompts: type and photo-copy letters; post papers and parcels; make telephone calls; receive visitors; make coffee for the boss; book plane and train tickets.
//. Say what you have to do at your office.
III. Respond to the following utterances: e.g. I live not far from the office, (go by bus)
So you don't have to go by bus, do you?
No, I don't.
1. My classes begin at 10. (get up) 2. I'm on holiday now. (work hard) 3. My son is good at maths, (help) 4. My working day lasts 6 hours, (stay at work late) 5. My wife is a good cook, (cook) 6.1 have a lot of relatives in Moscow, (stay at a hotel)
IV. Complete the following utterances:
e.g. I missed the last train, (spend the night at the station.)
I missed the last train so I had to spend the night at the station.
1. I missed the last bus. (walk home) 2. There were no seats
on the train, (stand) 3. There were no porters at the station, (carry)
4. I lost my dictionary, (buy) 5. I couldn't find a hotel, (stay at
my relatives') 6. My radio-set wasn't working, (repair) 7. Our lift
was out of order, (walk up to my flat) 8. We couldn't eat the
hostel meals, (cook) 9. We couldn't hear what the speaker was
saying, (change our seats)
V. Make up dialogues:
e.g. A: (an old man): When I was at school we called the masters "Sir". It was compulsory.
B: (a young man who was at the same school): Oh, we didn't have to call the masters "Sir". When I was at school we... It was compulsory.
1. wore suits;
2. talked French at meals;
3. got up at six;
4. washed in cold water;
5. ran round the playground before breakfast;
6. were in bed by ten;
7. learnt a Shakespeare play by heart;
8. cleaned our own rooms;
9. made our own beds;
10. looked after our own clothes;
11. served ourselves at meals;
12. helped with the washing up;
13. worked on Saturday; 4. wrote home every week;
15. asked permission to go into the town;
16. played football;
17. kept our hair short.
e.g. Are you doing anything special tomorrow? I'll have to book a ticket to Moscow. Prompts: meet a friend at the airport; type an article; write some letters; post some parcels; wash the linen; fix my TVset
VI. Respond to the following utterances:
e.g. I have a toothache, (go to the dentist) I'll have to go to the dentist.
1. I'm busy now. (write the report by Monday) 2. I've lost my dictionary, (buy a new one) 3. It is raining, (you, take an umbrella) 4. She is out. (you, wait) 5. My mother is ill. (I, call the doctor) 6. The bus is late, (we, take a taxi) 7. Peter didn't pass his exam yesterday, (take it again in a week) 8. Mike can't translate the text himself. (I, help him) e.g. The boss is in. (you, wait) You won't have to wait.
1. We shall do the work ourselves, (you, help us) 2. Betty is quite well today, (she, miss the lecture) 3. There is still a lot of time left, (you, hurry) 4. Victor knows about the meeting, (you, ring him up) 5. The station is not far from the hotel, (we, take a taxi) 6. Paul will come here in some minutes, (you, wait).
VII. Say what you (your wife, son, etc.) had to do and what
you didn't have to do some time ago (yesterday, last week, etc.), what you (your friend, etc.) will have to do and what you won't have to do in the future, (on Sunday, tomorrow, etc.)
|
|
|
VIII. Ask your friend if he has to work hard at his office; if he has to stay at work late; if he often has to go away on business; if he will have to travel on business next month; if he will have to go to work on Saturday; if he had to miss his English class on Tuesday; if he had to stay in town this summer, e.g. Do you have to work hard at your office?
Yes, I am usually very busy at work.
IX. Ask for additional information:
e.g. Tom had to go to the police station, (why)
Why did he have to go to the police station?
1. Ann has to leave tomorrow, (what time) 2. We had to answer a lot of questions at the exam, (how many) 3. George had to pay a parking fine, (how much) 4. I have to get up early now. (why) 5. Somebody will have to help him. (who) 6.1 shall have to go to the station today, (why) 7. I had to return home, (why) 8. Mike has to spend his weekends at home, (why) 9. I shall have to take my exam soon, (when) 10. I had to wait for Peter, (how long).
X. Paraphrase the sentences using "be able to":
e.g. I translated the text yesterday.
I was able to translate the text yesterday. 1. I finished the work on Sunday. 2. I bought the ticket yesterday. 3. George passed his exam last week. 4. I typed the papers myself. 5. Paul repaired the iron himself. 6. Jane wrote the composition herself. 7. Victor fixed the TVset. e.g. Jane can help me tomorrow.
Jane will be able to help me tomorrow.
1. I can go shopping on Sunday. 2. She can come tomorrow. 3. I can do this work in two days. 4. She can type the letters on Saturday. 5. I can translate the text tonight. 6. He can repair your bike tomorrow. 7. She can finish the work today, e.g. I can't phone Peter today.
I shan't be able to phone Peter today.
1. I can't go to the country for the weekend. 2. Mary can't take part in the discussion. 3. I cannot go to the cinema on Monday. 4. She can't post the letters today. 5. We can't finish the work tomorrow. 6. She cannot come today. 7. I cannot help you today, e.g. Can you visit Mary tomorrow?
Will you be able to visit Mary tomorrow? 1. Can you fix my taperecorder today? 2. Can Peter send the
papers tomorrow? 3. Can Lucy come tonight? 4. Can you begin the work on Monday? 5. Can you book the tickets today? e.g. When can you visit Mike?
When will you be able to visit Mike?
1. When can you finish the work? 2. When can she type the letters? 3. When can you translate the article? 4. When can you repair my record-player? 5. When can you help me? 6. When can he come?
XI. Respond to the following utterances:
e.g. George couldn't pass his exam in May.
I believe he was able to pass it in June.
1. Mike couldn't buy the "Quadroon" on Friday. 2. They couldn't visit Helen last week. 3. The typist couldn't type the papers on Saturday. 4. He couldn't finish the experiment on Friday. 5. Miss Green couldn't photo-copy the documents on Tuesday. 6. Alec couldn't speak to Mary on Saturday. 7. Jane couldn't clean the windows yesterday. e.g. Mike can't go fishing this morning.
I think he'll be able to go fishing tomorrow morning.
1. They can't leave tonight. 2. She can't visit him now. 3. They can't spend their holidays in the South this summer. 4. Paul can't repair the TV set today. 5. He can't talk to the manager today. 6. Jane can't come to the class today. 7. She can't post the parcel today. 8. We can't finish the work tomorrow.
XII. Make 2 sentences for each situation, one with "He'll/ she'll/they'll have to..." and one with "He/she/they won't be able to..."
e.g. Julia usually catches the 8.15 bus. The next one is at 8.40. It is 8.20 now, and she is running out of the house. 1. She won't be able to catch the 8.15 bus.
2. She'll have to catch the 8.40.
Situations: a) Bob has broken his leg. He wanted to play football this evening, b) Tom likes to put cream in his coffee, but they've got only tinned milk, c) Frank wanted to leave work early today. He wanted to see a football match. The boss asked all the men to do overtime, d) Deborah and Arthur wanted to drive to France, but the car broke down yesterday. Deborah has just booked 2 plane tickets instead.
XIII. Say what you (the members of your family) were able to do and what you were not able to do some time ago; what you will be able to do and what you won't be able to do in the future. (tomorrow, etc.)
XIV. Ask your friend if he will be able to go to the country with you; whether he was able to do his homework yesterday; if he was
able to visit his parents last week; if he will be able to come to the English class on Thursday; when he will be able to translate the text; when he will be able to repair your typewriter.
|
|
|
XV. Paraphrase the following sentences. Use "be-\-to infinitive":
e.g. We agreed to meet at the bus-stop at 5. We are to meet at the bus-stop at 5.
1. We agreed to dine out on Sunday. 2. We agreed to meet in the library at 10. 3. We agreed to begin the experiment tomorrow. 4. We agreed to start tomorrow morning. 5. They agreed to leave on Tuesday. 6. We agreed to have lunch at the cafeteria.
XVI. Make up dialogues:
e.g. A: What were your instructions about phoning Bill?
B: I was to phone him at 6.00. What were your instructions about...
1. reporting? 2. posting the documents? 3. meeting George? 4. contacting Ann? 5. seeing the agents? 6. leaving? 7. paying the workmen? 8. starting? 9. opening the doors? e.g. A: Did you borrow a car?
B: No. We were to have borrowed a car but the plan fell through. Did you...
1. camp on the beach? 2. hire a boat? 3. visit the island? 4. bathe f by moonlight? 5. spend a week in the mountains? 6. cook over open fires? 7. make a film of the seabirds? 8. swim before breakfast? 9. water-ski? 10. get up at dawn? 11. climb the cliffs? 12. take photographs under water?
XVII. Read the dialogues, learn them and make up similar dialogues.
Questioning obligations
A little boy is going to visit the zoo with his grandmother. His mother wants him to get ready. Mother: Right! You must wash your hands. Boy: Do 1 have to wash them? Mother: Yes, you do. And you must comb your hair too. Boy: Do I have to comb it?
Releasing people from their obligations(I)
The boy doesn't want to do what his mother tells him to do. So he asks his grandmother if he really has to do. Boy: Gran, must I really wash my hands?
Grandmother: No, you needn't wash them if you don't want to. Boy: And must I really comb my hair?
Grandmother: No, you needn't comb it if you don't want to.
Releasing people from obligations (2)
This time the grandmother is going to say the same thing but in a different way.
Boy: Gran, must I really wash my hands?
Grandmother: No, you don't have to wash them if you don't
want to.
Boy: And must I really comb my hair?
Grandmother: No, you don't have to comb it if you don't want to.
XVIII There are always certain things which you mustn't do. These things depend on where you are or what you are doing For example, if you are in a hospital you mustn't make a lot of noise. If you are in a theatre you mustn't smoke, and so on. Look at the following situations and say what you mustn't do in each case
1. When you are training for a big sporting event... 2. When you are working in a library... 3. When there is a fire... 4. When you are driving through a town... 5. When you are travelling abroad... 6. When you are ill with flue...
Fluency
/. Listen to the conversations, ask and answer questions.
Role-play the conversations:
1. Jenny is 26. She is a teacher. She is in class now.
Jenny: Now, Martin... can you swim?
Martin: Yes, I can... I could swim when I was five.
Jenny: Could you?
Martin: Yes, Miss... could you swim when you were five?
Jenny: I could swim when I was three.
Martin: Really, Miss' Could you read and write when you were three?
Jenny: No, Martin.. of course I couldn't.
2. Luisa: Can you swim, Astrid?
Astrid: Yes, my parents taught me when I was four. I went swimming yesterday with Ali and because the weather was nice we were able to swim in the open air pool. It was rather crowded, of course, but I was still able to swim six or seven lengths before the usual crowds of children arrived. We couldn't swim much after that, so we just relaxed and enjoyed the sun. Can you swim well, Luisa?,,,
Luisa: Well, I couldn't when I was a child, but I can now.
//. Situation: Your friend and you are speaking about your abilities in different periods of your life.
Prompts: walk, speak, read, write, swim, ride a bicycle, skate, ski, sew, drive a car, dive, etc.
///. Listen to the texts, ask and answer questions, retell the texts:
1. Timmy Brown and all his brothers and sisters are very frustrated. The television broke yesterday while they were watching their favourite TVprogramme. Their parents called the TV repairman, but he couldn't come yesterday. He was fixing televisions on the other side of the town. He can't come today either. And unfortunately, he won't be able to come tomorrow because he'll be out of town. Timmy Brown and his brothers and sisters are afraid they won't be able to watch TV for quite a while. That's why they are so frustrated.
2. Mrs. Murphy doesn't know what to do with her students today. They didn't do their homework last night and now she can't teach the lesson she prepared. Bob couldn't do his homework because he had a stomachache. Sally couldn't do her homework because she was very tired and fell asleep early. John couldn't do his homework because he had to visit his grandmother in the hospital. Donna couldn't do her homework because she had to take care of her baby sister while her mother worked late at the office. And all other students couldn't do their homework because there was a blackout in their neighbourhood last night. All the students promise Mrs Murphy they'll be able to do their homework tonight. She certainly hopes so.
IV. Situation:: Marianne is going to enroll in the Speedy Typing School. She's excited about the things she'll be able to do when she finishes the course. What will she be able to do?
Prompts' type 70 words per minute; use the most modern equipment; get a good job; earn a high salary; meet interesting people.
V. Listen to the conversations, read and learn them:
1. Interviewer: Now, Mr. Jones., why do you, want to go to Australia?
Mr. Jones: Well, I'm really thinking about my children. You see there aren't many opportunities here. 1 lost my job last year and wasn't able to find another one. Will I be able to find a job in Australia?
Interviewer: What do you do?
Mr. Jones: I'm an electrician.
Interviewer: Oh, you'll be able to find a job easily.
Mr. Jones: What about accommodation?
Interviewer: Well, that is a problem... but there are hostels for
new immigrants.
Mr. Jones:... and what about my children? Interviewer: Oh, you'll be able to find a good school in
Australia.
2. Pat: Mary, will you be able to help me this evening? Mary: No, I won't but I'll be able to help you tomorrow. Pat: John, can you help me today? John: I'm sorry I can't help you today or tomorrow, but I'll be
able to help you the day after tomorrow. Pat: Harry. What about you? Can you help me? Harry: I don't think so. I won't be able to help you until I see
you next week. Pat: What helpful friends!
VI. Situation: You ask your friends to repair your taperecorder, but for different reasons none of them can help you at the moment. They promise to help you some time later.
VI/. Listen to the conversation, ask and answer questions. (Mr. Kent, Julia's boss, is talking to Julia on the office phone.) Mr. Kent: Do you think you could possibly work late this afternoon, Miss Frost? I'm afraid there's some work we really must finish this evening. I can't possibly do it myself. Julia: Work late? I... suppose so, if you really think it's
necessary.
Mr. Kent: Thank you. We'll have to work about an hour's overtime. That's all. (hangs up) Julia: (to herself, while dialling)
Oh, dear. Now I'll have to ring Jim and tell him. He won't like it. Jim: Hello? 26721.
Julia: Is that you, Jim? This is Julia. Look... I'm afraid I won't
be able to meet you at 7 this evening. I'll have to come later.
Jim: What? You mean you are going to be late again?
Julia: Now listen, Jim, please. It isn't my fault. I'll have to
work late this evening and then I'll have to go home. I can't possibly go to the restaurant straight from work!
Jim: It is always something, isn't it? When will you be able
to come then?
Julia: Don't worry. You won't have to wait long. I'll be there
at 8.
Jim: At 8? But we were going to a film after dinner. Remem-
ber?
Julia: I know... and it starts at 8.30. We'll just have to miss it
this evening, that's all. We'll be able to see it some other time.
Jim: Oh, no, we won't! Tonight's the last night!
Julia: Oh, dear... I suppose I'll just have to come straight
from work, that's all.
Jim: Yes, you will. Meet me at the restaurant at 7!
Julia: Ail right, Jim. I'll be there.
VIII. Reproduce the phrases with "have to" and "be able to" used in the conversation.
IX. Give a brief account of the conversation. Role-play the conversation.
X. Situation:^our friend and you agreed to go to the theatre tonight, but you can't as you have to meet your cousin at the station. Your friend asks if you can come tomorrow, but tomorrow you are going to take your cousin sightseeing. You agree to meet some other time.
XI. Listen to the conversations, ask and answer questions, rote-play the conversations:
1. Jill: Why are you taking this course, Maria?
Maria: Well, I'm a secretary and I sometimes need English in
my job. I can read English well, but I write it badly.
I understand it easily but I can't speak it fluently. Jill: Do you have to write letters in English? Maria: Not often, but sometimes I have to speak English on
the telephone.
Jill: Do you have to write English shorthand? Maria: No, I don't.
Jill: Does your boss have to speak English? Maria: Yes, he does. He has to entertain English and American
visitors. But when they speak fast, he can't understand
them correctly.
2. Barbara: I worked very hard on that article on tourism, but
Mr. Short didn't like it.
Steve: Oh, dear, did you have to write it again?
Barbara: I had to change the entire second page!
Steve: Well, at least you didn't have to rewrite it completely. I remember my first articles for Mr. Short.
I sometimes had to rewrite them two or three times from start to finish. So don't despair.
XII. Situation: Your friend and you are very busy people, you have a lot of things to do every day, you had a very busy day yesterday and you will be very busy tomorrow. At the moment you are speaking about your work.
XIII. Listen to the text "A Hard Life":
Jerry Floyd is talking to his grandfather about his new job: "It's terrible, granddad. I have to get up at 7 o'clock because I have to catch the bus to work Because I'm new, I have to make the tea. I have to work hard... I'm only happy at weekends: I don't have to work then".
His grandfather isn't very sympathetic:
"I had to start work when I was 14. 1 lived in South Wales, and there wasn't much work. I had to be a coal miner. We had to work twelve hours a day. We didn't have to work on Sundays... but we had to work the other six days of the week.
When I was eighteen, the First World War started. I joined the army. 1 had to wear a uniform, and I had to go to France. A lot of my friends died. We had to obey the officers, and we had to kill people. When I was sixty, I had to go into hospital because of the dust from the mines. It was the only quiet time in my life... I didn't have to work, I didn't have to earn money.
I retired when I was sixty-five. Nowadays I don't work and I don't have to get up early. But I have to live on my pension, and life is still difficult. I don't feel sorry for you".
Questions: Why does Jerry think his life is hard? Was his grandfather's life easy or hard? Why?
XIV. Listen to the text again and ask more detailed questions, (general, special, alternative, disjunctive)
XV. Was your life hard? What did you have to do?
XVI. Listen to the conversations, ask and answer questions.
1. Mr. Williams: Where's Jimmy? Mrs. Williams: He's in bed. Mr. Williams: What's the matter with him? Mrs. Williams: He feels ill. Mr. Williams: He looks ill. Mrs. Williams: We must call the doctor. Mr. Williams: Yes, we must.
Mr. Williams: Can you remember the doctor's telephone number?
Mrs. Williams: Yes. It's 09754.
Doctor: Open your mouth, Jimmy. Show me your tongue. Say, 'Ah'.
Mr. Williams: What's the matter with him, doctor?
Doctor: He has a bad cold, Mr. Williams, so he must
stay in bed for a week.
Mrs. Williams: That's good news for Jimmy.
Doctor: Good news? Why?
Mr. Williams: Because he doesn't like school. 2. Doctor: How's Jimmy today?
Mrs. Williams: He's better, thank you, doctor. Come upstairs.
Doctor: You look very well, Jimmy. You are better now,
but you mustn't get up yet. You must stay in bed for another two days. The boy mustn't go to school yet, Mrs. Williams. And he mustn't eat rich food.
Mrs. Williams: Has he a temperature, doctor?
Doctor: No, he hasn't.
Mrs. Williams: Must he stay in bed?
Doctor: Yes. He must remain in bed for another two
days. He can get up for about two hours each day, but you must keep the room warm. Where's Mr. Williams this evening?
Mrs. Williams: He's in bed, doctor. Can you see him, please? He has a bad cold, too.
XVII. Give a brief account of the conversations.
XVIII. Reproduce the phrases with modal verbs used in the conversations.
XIX. Read and role-play the conversations.
X. Situation: You are at the doctor's. The doctor is giving you instructions.
Self check
/. Complete the sentences with "can", "could" or "be able to". Sometimes more than one answer is possible.
1. Oh dear, I (not)... remember her address. 2. Where are the keys? I (not)... find them last night. 3. The show is very popular but luckily I... get two seats for Saturday. 4. It's nice... sleep late on Sundays. 5. My sister (not)... swim until she was eleven. 6. I lost all my money but fortunately I... borrow some from my friends. 7. He... drive a car when he was sixteen. 8. Mary moved to
New York last month, so she will... see her parents more often. 9 The exam was easy. I... do all the questions. 10. If wear lucky we. see the whole match. 11. I'd like to... speak a little bit of every language. 12. I went to the library, Mrs. Price, but I... (not) find the book you wanted. 13. He... find a good answer if you ask him tonight. 14. Olaf... speak English better after he has more classes.
//. Complete with "mustn't" or "don't (doesn't) have to".
1. I can stay in bed tomorrow morning because I... work 2 You... forget what I told you. It's very important. 3. I... leave yet. I've got plenty of time. 4. She... get up so early. She gets up early because she prefers to.
///. Complete with "must" or "have to".
1. You really... work harder if you want to pass that examination. 2. We couldn't repair the car ourselves. We.. take it to a garage. 3. I'm afraid I can't come tomorrow I... work late. 4. I'm sorry I couldn't come yesterday. I... work late 5. Ann was feeling ill last night. She... leave the party.
IV. Complete with "must", "mustn't" or "needn't".
1. We've got a lot of time. We... hurry. 2. Tom gave me a letter to post. 1... forget to post it. 3. Do you want me to wait for you? Okay. You... wait. 4. You... come if you don't want to but I hope you will. 5. We have enough time so we... go shopping today. 6. This book is very valuable. You... look after it carefully You... lose it.
V. Translate into English:
1 ? , . . 2. . 10 . 3. . , . 4. ' , . . . 5. 6. . 8. 7. . . 8. ? . 9. . 7.
Answers
U NIT 2
Exercise 1, p. 22
1. Is this your newspaper? No, it's Nina's. 2. What is your new flat like? It's large and light. 3. Whose car is that: your father's or yours? My father's 4. Where are our tickets' They are in my bag. 5. What are those? That is a desk and those are chairs. 6. What colour is your new coat? Blue. 7. Nick is in Moscow now, isn't he? Yes, he is. 8. Is this your pen No, mine is red. I think it's Nina's. 9. What's this? It's a lamp. 10. Whose car is that? The red one? I think it's Victor's 11. Where is my umbrella? Look on the desk. 12. My suitcase, please. What colour is it? Brown. Here it is. 13. What's this? It's a very interesting book. 14. Is this your umbrella? No. Are you sure? Yes, I am My umbrella is blue. 15. Whose notebooks are these (they)? Are they yours, Ann? No, mine are in my bag. Ask Helen. Perhaps, they are hers.
UNITS
Exercise 1, p. 29
Are we; who is; Enrico is; Luisa is; they are; they are; I am; I am; that is; Are you; we are.
Exercise II, p. 29
1. Dick Brown is an engineer. He's thirty (years old). He's a doctor. He's married. His wife's name is Ann She is a journalist. They are from London. 2. What's your name? Harry Stone. What country are you from? England. (I'm from England) Where are your friends from? They are from France. What are your jobs? We are all engineers. 3 What's your brother's name? Alexander. Is he married? No, he is single. What's his job? He's a doctor 4. Hello! How are you? Fine, thanks. How is your sister? She is fine, too. Thank you. Give my regards to her, please. 5. How do you do. I'm Victor Ivanov, a diplomat from Minsk. How do you do, Mr Iva-
nov. Nice to meet you. 6. What is your friend like? He's a tall, thin man. How old is he? 45. (He's forty-five years old)
UNIT 4
Exercise 1, p. 34
1. Has Victor (got) any friends? Yes, he has two good friends. 2. I have no money. Neither have 1. 3. I have some newspapers. So have 1. 4. Have you (got) any sweets? I've got some. 5. I haven't got a piano. (I have no piano) 6. Have you got any sugar? Yes, I've got some. 7. She hasn't got any relatives in Minsk. (She has no relatives in Minsk). 8. Have you got any free time? Yes, I'm free now. 9. I have no boat. (I haven't got a boat) Neither have I. 10. They have no children. (They haven't got any children) 11. I have no notebooks. (I haven't got any notebooks)
UNIT 5
Exercise I, p. 41
I. 1 there are, the 2. there is, the 3. this 4. there are 5. there is, the, the 6. this, there are 7. the 8. this, there are, the 9. the
Exercise II, p. 41
1. some, any 2. some, any 3. any, any 4. any, some 5. any, some 6. no 7. no, some 8. some 9. any, some 10. no, some 11. any, any
Exercise III, p. 41
1. My friend has got a good two-room flat. The rooms are large and light. There is a table and four chairs in the sitting-room. There is a bookcase on the right. In the left-hand corner there is a TV set and an armchair. The bedroom is also large. There are two beds and a wardrobe in it. There is a nice carpet on the floor. The kitchen is very comfortable. There is a kitchen table and some stools in it. There is a cupboard next to the gas-stove. There is a fridge opposite it. My friend's wife is glad that she has such a large and comfortable kitchen. 2. Are there any flowers in the vase? Yes, there are some roses in it. 3. There is no sugar in your tea Put some. 4. Are there any English magazines in your library? No. (there aren't any) 5. There is no sofa (there isn't a sofa) in our sitting-room, but there are two comfortable armchairs. 6. Is there any milk in the fridge? Yes, there are two bottles of milk there. 7. There are no books (there aren't any books) on the desk,
there are some magazines there. 8. Is there any chalk in the classroom? No, there isn't any. 9. There is no bread (there isn't any bread) on the bread-plate. Is there any bread in the cupboard? 10. Is there a library in this neighbourhood? Yes, there is a good library not far from here. 11. There are two interesting museums in our town. 12. What is there next to the post-office? There is a shop there. 13. Have you got any notebooks? Yes, I've got some. 14. There is no telephone in our flat. Have you got a telephone?
U NIT 6
Exercise I, p. 44
1. from, on 2. into 3. to 4. to 5. out of
Exercise II, p. 45
1. them 2. our 3. it 4. her 5. his 6. us
Exercise III, p. 45
1. Give me that pencil, please. The black one? No, the red one. 2. Take the vase out of the cupboard and put it on the table. 3. The lecture is very interesting. Don't miss it. 4. Ring up Helen. She is at home now. 5. There are some dirty dishes on the table. Wash them. 6. Don't take my dictionary. Take Ann's (dictionary). 7. Show us your new bicycle. Here it is.
U NIT 7
Exercise I, p. 48
1. What time is it? It's a quarter to eleven, (half past eleven; a quarter past twelve; twenty minutes past 8; twenty minutes to six; half past twelve; ten minutes past four; five minutes to nine; five minutes past nine; a quarter to eight) 2. What time is it by your watch? It's ten minutes to eleven. My watch is ten minutes slow. And my watch is five minutes fast. 3. What date is it today?Today is Tuesday, the twenty-fifth of January. (Today is Friday, the ninth of June. Today is Wednesday, the twelfth of July Today is Saturday, the twenty-third of May)
UNITS
Exercise I, p. 55
1. Everybody is; Mr Anderson is cleaning; Mr Wilson is fixing; Mr and Mrs Thomas are painting; Mrs Black is doing; Tommy Lee is feeding; Mr and Mrs Lane are washing; I am; I'm washing...
I'm watching. 2. What are you doing; I'm typing; What are you typing; Is your husband; he's reading; Where are; They are playing; How is; What is she doing; She's visiting; how are you; Is your husband; he is.
Exercise II, p. 55
Where is Victor? He's in his room. What is he doing? He's fixing the radio-set. 2. What are you writing? I'm writing a letter to my sister. 3. Is Ann still typing? Yes, she is. 4. What are you thinking about? My work. 5. What are Jane and Dick doing now? They are listening to music. 6. What are you looking for? My umbrella.
UNIT 9
Exercise I, p. 62
Where is? She is; What is she doing; She's making; Is Johnny; he isn't; He is; What are they doing; They are playing; When is he coming back; What are you doing; I'm writing; Is she going; she isn't; Lucy and her husband are going.
Exercise II, p. 62
1. Are the students going to write a dictation? What are the students going to do (to write)? Who is going to write a dictation? Are the students going to write a dictation or a test? The students are going to write a dictation, aren't they? The students aren't going to write a test, are they? 2. Is she going to send a letter to her mother? What is she going to do? What is she going to send to her mother? Who is she going to send a letter to? Is she going to send a letter or a telegram to her mother? Is she going to send a letter to her mother or to her sister? She is going to send a letter to her mother, isn't she? She is not going to send her a telegram, is she^ 3 Are the Browns leaving on Monday? When are the Browns leaving? Who is leaving on Monday? What are the Browns doing on Monday? Are the Browns leaving on Monday or on Tuesday? The Browns are leaving on Monday, aren't they? They aren't leaving today, are they? 4. Is Betty coming to the party? Who isn't coming to the party? Is Betty coming to the party or not? Betty isn't coming to the party, is she? 5. Is Mike waiting for Lucy? Who is Mike waiting for? What is Mike doing? Where is he waiting for Lucy? Is Mike waiting for Lucy or for Paul? Mike is waiting for Lucy, isn't he?
Exercise III, p. 62
1. for 2. to 3. for 4. about 5. to 6. about 7. to 8. with
Exercise IV, p. 62
1. Are you going to watch television tonight? Yes. So am I. 2. Lavrov is leaving on Tuesday. 3. What is Robert doing now? He's translating an article. And what is he going to do then? He's going to the cinema. 4. When are you going to visit your brother? Tomorrow morning. 5. Are you going to the country tomobrow? No. Tomorrow I'm taking my English exam. 6. My friends are coming on Sunday. I'm going to meet them at the station. 7. I'm going to the theatre tonight.
UNIT 10
Exercise I, p. 71
a) 1. something 2. anybody 3. something 4. anybody 5. anything 6. somebody 7. nobody 8. nothing 9. anybody
b) 1. little 2. much 3. a lot of, few 4. much, little 5. many (or a lot of) 6. many, few, a few 7. little 8. a few 9. many, a lot of 10. much, little 11. much 12. a lot of 13. many 14. many
Exercise II, p. 71
1. How many cinemas are there in your town? There are some, two or three, I think. 2. Have you got any chalk? Yes, I've got a little. Take some in the box. 3. There is too much furniture in their sitting-room, (or They've got too much furniture in their sitting-room.) 4. Please, give me something to read. 5. There is nothing (isn't anything) in the vase. 6. How many sisters has he? He has no (hasn't any) sisters. He has two brothers. 7. There is nobody in the flat. 8. There is something on the table. 9. Is there anybody in the office? 10. How much money have you got? 11. There are a lot of children in the park. 12. There is no (isn't any) butter in the fridge. 13. I haven't got many relatives. (I have few relatives) 14. Have you got many (a lot of) books? No, very few. 15. There are some (a few) parks in our city. 16. There are no (aren't any) chairs in the sitting-room. 17. Somebody is standing at the window. 18. There is nothing in the bag. 19. I have no (haven't any) time to go there. 20. I have very little paper. I'm going to buy some. 21. There are a lot of women at this factory, but very few men. 22. He hasn't got many friends. 23. There isn't much tea in the teapot. 24. We haven't got much work today. 25. You haven't got many mistakes in your dictation, (or There aren't many mistakes in your dictation.) 26. Are there many roses in your garden? (or Have you got many roses in your garden?) 27. There are some (a few) newspapers on the table. 28. I have a little time. I'm going to the cinema.
UNIT 11
Exercise I, p. 79
1. can (may) 2. must, needn't 3. can't, must 4. must, must, can't 5. may, mustn't 6. can, can 7. can't 8. may (can)
Exercise II, p. 79
1. May I smoke here? No, you mustn't. 2. I can play golf And you? So can I. 3. I can't swim. Neither can I. 4. Where can we meet? In the library. 5. Can I speak to you? Yes, please. 6. Must I come, too? No, you needn't. 7. I can't go with you. I must visit my sister. 8. Can I see Doctor Brown? I'm afraid not. He is busy now. 9. Who can meet his mother at the station? Mary can.
UNIT 12 Exercise I, p. 94
A. 1. Jack is often; 2. Mary and Jane often go; 3. Mike is never,
4. Betty sometimes phones; 5 They are sometimes; 6. Alice is usually; 7. Paul doesn't often come; 8. Jane always visits; 9. James doesn't often watch; 10. Donald doesn't know... he speaks.
B. It is; It is; Mary and James Wilson are; James is; His wife teaches; The Wilsons don't go; they are; They are having... listening, They always listen; Peter isn't; He is; He does... his parents are; Peter's hobby is; He often plays.
Exercise II, p. 94
1. Victor doesn't want to go out of town. Neither do I. 2. My brother doesnt' smoke. 3. Sometimes I go to work on foot, (or Sometimes I walk to my office) 4. I read a lot. So do I
5. My sister is usually busy on Monday. 6. He doesn't always rest in the south. 7. I don't like this picture. Neither do 1. 8. We never go to the south in summer. 9. My son often visits me. 10 We are usually at home on Sunday evening. I like to spend the evenings at home, to listen to some music, to watch TV or read a book. I don't go to bed late, but I like to get up early. 11 Robert doesn't play tennis. Yes, he does 12. He is very busy now. So am I.
13. My son studies at the Medical Institute. So does my daughter.
14. Do you ever see Peter? Seldom.
Exercise I, p. 105
1. The swimming bath opens... closes; 2. I don't use; 3. How many cigarettes do you smoke; 4. What do you do; 5. Where does your father come; He comes; 6. why don't you get; 7. I play... I don't; 8. I do not understand; What does "deceive" mean; 9. What time do the banks close.
Exercise II, p. 105
1. Do you often see my brother at the plant? Yes, I do. 2. Robert never writes to me. 3. Why don't you cook yourself? I have no time. 4. What time do you have supper? At 8 o'clock. 5 I wonder why Victor doesn't phone me. 6. Does your son like to watch TV? Yes, he watches television every day. 7. I wonder whether he knows her address. 8. Do you know whether (if) he smokes? I've no idea. 9. Nick lives far from here, doesn't he? "Yes, very far. 10. Sometimes I go to work on foot. And you? I always drive to work. 11. Where do you usually spend your holidays? In the south, as a rule. 12. Don't you know my brother? No. 13. Peter doesnt speak German, does he? Yes, he does. 14. Do you usually dine (have dinner) at home or at the canteen? At home, as a rule. I live not far from work. 15. Do you like her flat? No. Neither do I.
Exercise I, p. 109
1. Where is, She is; What is she doing; She is cooking; Does she always cook; she does. 2. What are they discussing; They are speaking. 3. What is Mike doing; He is translating; Does he know; he does. 4. Does he often walk; he usually goes. 5. He is having; Does he always have. 6. Mike doesn't speak; He knows. 7. The students are writing. 8. The baby is sleeping; The baby sleeps. 9. I'm sitting; I usually sit. 10. AH speaks... he is speaking. 11. What are they talking about. 12. What does your father do. 13. My parents live; Where do your parents live. 14. Where are you going; Do you often go. 15. Our teacher is not standing; She is sitting. 16. She is eating; She always eats. 17. Alice doesn't take; She usually walks.
Exercise II, p. 110
1. As a rule my father gets up at 8 o'clock. 2. I always rest after
supper. 3. Where is Victor? He is having dinner. 4. My brother
knows English and he can help you. Ring him up. I think he isn't
sleeping yet. 5. What is Robert doing? He is playing tennis.
Does he play tennis well? Not very. 6. How often do you see your
sister? Two or three times a month. 7. Mary is in the library
now. She is writing an article. She works in the library every
day. 8. Where are you in the evening? I often go to my classes at the
Institute. 9. Why are you often late? I don't like to get up early.
10. Are the children having dinner? No, they are playing football.
11. What are you doing now? I'm listening to the radio. 1 always listen to the news in the morning. 12. We often go to the theatre. So do we. 13. I wonder what he is doing now. I think he is
reading. 14. Peter doesn't play chess. Neither does Nick. 15. She is usually at work at 10 a. m., but today she is at home. 16. How often do you meet Victor? Every week, on Thursday. Do you know where he lives? No. 17. Who knows French? Petrov does. 18. Who is playing the piano? Helen is. She plays the piano very well. 19. He never writes to you, does he? Yes, he does. 20. Do you often go to the cinema? Once or twice a month.
