SDH PDH , PDH:
1544 /;
2048 /;
6312 /;
34368 /;
44736 /;
139264 /.
PDH.
PDH (Container) (-n VC-n). . , :
- ;
- ;
- .
:
- ;
- ;
- .
, PDH, .
-n ( ). 4 (-1; -2; -3; -4), PDH.
-n (Path OverHead): C+=VC. , .. , , VC-n. / . POH .
1-, 2- 3- TU (Tributary Unit):
VC(1,2,3) + PTRTU = TU(1,2,3),
4- AU (Administrative Unit):
VC-4 + PTRAU = AU-4.
, SDH PTR (pointer). , STM . .
TU TUG (Tributary Unit Group).
AUG (Administrative Unit Group). AUG AU-4.
STM-1 AUG SOH (Section OverHead): STM-1 = AUG + SOH.
:
1. PDH SDH?
|
|
2. ?
3. AUG.
4. STM-N.
5. SDH.
6. STM- N 1.
7. STM- N 3.
8. STM- N 4.
9. AU-4?
:
1. 1?
) 8448 /; ) 2048 /; ) 4048 /; ) 34368 /;; ) 7048 /.
2. 3?
) 8448 /; ) 2048 /; ) 4048 /; ) 34368 /;; ) 139264 /.
3. 4?
) 8448 /; ) 2048 /; ) 4048 /; ) 34368 /;; ) 139264 /.
4. 4?
) 32; ) 30; ) 120; ) 480; ) 1920.
5. 3?
) 32; ) 30; ) 120; ) 480; ) 1920.
6. ... .
) ; ) ; ) ; ) ; ) .
7. TU ...
) AU-4; ) AUG; ) STM-N; ) TUG; ) POH.
6. ...
) AU-4; ) AUG; ) STM-N; ) TUG; ) POH.
: . ()
, .
: . 1 . 240 252
Ққ | ғ | |
Local | ||
Peculiarity, feature | ||
Path | ||
қ | Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy -PDH | |
ққ қ | ITU: International Telecommunications Union | |
Қ | . . | Link |
қ | Synchronous Digital Hierarchy SDH | |
ң қғ | - . | Traffic. |
Ө ғ | , 64 / 2 /. | Wideband |
8.1. :
1. .. , , 1988.
1 . 240-270
HAND OUTS | |
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STM-1 1
1=2048 / ( ). -12 POH VC-12, VC-12. 1 PTR TU VC-12 TU-12.
. TU-12 TUG-2. TUG-2 TUG-3. TUG-3 POH VC-4 VC-4.
|
|
PTR AU AU-4. AUG AU-4. SOH STM-1. VC-12 ""
- STM-1.
2. STM-1
STM .
STM-1 9 270 , 8 . , ( , ). , .
STM-1 125 , 8000 . 64 /. , STM-1: 270 9 8 8000 = 155 520 /.
SOH (Section Overhead) 8 ´ 9 : , , . (RSOH - regenerator SOH) (MSOH - multiplex SOH).
( 2 140 /) 9 ´ 261 .
PTR STM . STM-1. 3 .
, .
:
STM-N;
VC-n.
STM-N c .
N = 1, 4, 16, 64 - .
STM-1 155,52 /.
STM-N N .
(-n)
-n (n=1¸4) , , . , .
, . .
:
- (I);
- (S);
- (C);
- (R).
. PDH , .
.
125 .
:
- -11, -12, -2;
- -3, -4.
1 32 ( 256 ) , -12 34 . 1, ;
|
|
-3 98464=48384 /. .
-3 . -3 :
- 1431 "I",
- "S1", "S2",
- "1", "2";
- 573 "
-4 . -4 .
W, Y, X Z :
- "I",
- "R ",
- "",
- "0", ;
- "S", .
.
, / | , ppm | , | , / | |
-12 | ||||
-3 | ||||
-4 |
- VC-n.
4. VC-n |
VC-n (n=1¸4) , SDH.
VC-n (n=1¸4) (C-n, n=1¸4) POH (Path Overhead).
VC-n = POH + C - n, n = 1¸4.
, VC-n (n=3, 4) POH:
VC-n = POH +TUG-n, n = 3, 4.
HO (high-order) LO (low-order).
, STM-1.
LO VC-11, VC-12 VC-2. VC-3 LO, VC-4.
, STM-1, HO. VC-3, STM-1, VC-4.
TU-n
TU-n,
n=1¸3 , .
TU-n, n=1¸3 VC-n TU-PTR.
VC-4 VC VC:
TU-n = TU - PTR + VC-n, n = 1, 2, 3.
STM-N PDH (pointers). , . VC . , .
|
|
STM-N. , PDH, .
TU-1 TU-2 4125=500 .
, .. .
:
1. STM-1 1
2. AUG.
3. STM -1.
4. TU-12?
5. AU-4?
6. SOH.
7. .
8. ?
9. PTR AU.
10. TUG-2.
:
1. ....
) 12,5 ; ) 125 ; ) 1,25 ; ) 120; ) 105 .
2. STM-1 9 270 ?
) 19 270 ; ) 9 27 ; ) 91 270 ; ) 5 27 ; ) 261 27 .
3. STM-1: 155 520 /.
) 155 520 /.; ) 155, 520 /.; ) 15,5520 /.;
) 1555,20 /.; ) 15550 /..
4. 1?
) 32; ) 30; ) 120; ) 480; ) 1920.
5. ?
) , , ; ) , ;
) , ; ) , ; ) , .
6. :
) ; ) PDH;
) PDH; ) PDH SDH; ) PDH, SDH IP.
: . ()
, .
: . 1 . 240 252
Ққ | ғ | |
Local | ||
Peculiarity, feature | ||
Path | ||
қ | Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy -PDH | |
ққ қ | ITU: International Telecommunications Union | |
Қ | . . | Link |
қ | Synchronous Digital Hierarchy SDH | |
ң қғ | - . | Traffic. |
Ө ғ | , 64 / 2 /. | Wideband |
8.1. :
1. .. , , 1988.
1 . 240-270
HAND OUTS | |
2 12 1 . | 2 1 2, 09--609-3. 2016--2017 |