, . k 35 / ( 15 ).
2R (R ). , , (): 50100 , 80150 , 100200 - 150300 .
():
1. () (. 9) :
(14),
r (), ; , ; S , ; R , : R = , .
|
2. () (. 10)
(15),
ξ , (. 11).
|
|
3. (. 12) :
(16),
m , ;
|
, ;
m , ;
r (), ;
R , , .
. , . .
1. (. 12):
(17),
Q , . . , , 3/, /;
k , /;
l , ( );
, .
|
|
|
2. (. 14):
|
(17),
1 2 1 2 0-0, .
. , .
.
7.1. : (, ) 3 , 10 , 10 , 10 .
7.2. , 1 , . . ,
S , ; Q , 3/.
7,2 3/ ( 2 /), , . , , .
:
1. ? ?
2. , ?
3. ( ) ?
4. .
5. (). ?
6. . .
7. .
8. ? .
9. ?
1.
, ( 2), .
2.
, | ||||
31.4 | 96.7 | 54.8 | 71.3 | |
29.9 | - | - | 67.6 | |
25.5 | - | 47.3 | - | |
11.6 | 78.5 | - | 58.2 | |
, | - | - | 2.3 | - |
, | - | 14.9 | 12.5 | - |
S, | - | 3.0 | - | 2.8 |
k, / | 7.1 | 3.8 | 18.6 | 13.4 |
L , | 82.0 | 60.0 | 74.0 | 30.0 |
2r , |
|
|
() . .
, , .
.
( ) lgR L≥0.5R; lg2L L<0.5R.
2.
, ( 3), , .
3.
, | ||||
42.5 | 73.4 | 65.1 | 87.3 | |
- | 46.3 | - | 23.4 | |
13.4 | - | - | 17.8 | |
39.6 | - | 67.8 | - | |
36.1 | 63.8 | - | 86.6 | |
m , | - | 15.0 | - | - |
, | 14.2 | 22.8 | 34.9 | - |
, | - | - | 43.7 | 71.6 |
S, | - | - | 4.0 | - |
k, / | 9.6 | 4.5 | 11.5 | 6.2 |
2r , |
() . . , , .
3.
, ( 4), .
4.
, | ||||
82.5 | 18.6 | 61.7 | 34.1 | |
- | 16.2 | 60.9 | - | |
80.0 | 59.3 | |||
- | 12.4 | - | 29.5 | |
d , | 1.3 | - | - | 0.9 |
H , | 2.6 | - | 2.8 | |
S, | - | 2.1 | - | 2.4 |
k, / | 6.4 | 2.3 | 7.2 | 5.8 |
L , |
(. .
.
4.
, , , .
5.
l1 , , | 9.6 | 12.4 | 8.0 | 6.2 |
, ξ = f (l/m; m/r) .. .
l= l1- S/2; m=H - S/2.
ξ ξ (.11) .. .
6. .. .
l/m | m/r | ||||||
0,1 | 10,40 | 24,30 | 42,80 | 53,80 | 68,50 | 79,60 | 90,90 |
0,3 | 4,79 | 9,20 | 14,50 | 17,70 | 21,80 | 24,90 | 28,20 |
0,5 | 2,26 | 4,21 | 6,50 | 7,86 | 9,64 | 11,00 | 12,40 |
0,7 | 0,88 | 1,69 | 2,07 | 3,24 | 4,01 | 4,58 | 5,19 |
0,9 | 0,13 | 0,30 | 0,53 | 0,66 | 0,85 | 0,98 | 1,12 |
|
|
- .
4 .
1. (/) - -.
2. .
3. . .
4. .
5. .. 10 %-.
6. 2.1.4.1074-01.
-/.
7.
3 | SO42 | Cl | Na+ | Ca2+ | Mg2+ | |
0,0164 | 0,0208 | 0,0282 | 0,0435 | 0,0499 | 0,0822 |
8.
8.
/ | -/ | %- | / | -/ | %- | ||
3 | Na+ | ||||||
SO42 | Ca2+ | ||||||
Cl | Mg2+ | ||||||
.
( ) -/ 100% () %-.