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, , - , . (Parkside Communications Ltd.). , ( 081 962 4141, 081 962 4005). : Parkside Communications Ltd., St. Charles Hospital, Exmoor St. London W10 6DZ England. , , (The Water Birth Movement).

 

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(A.I.M.S.)

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(Michael Adam)

-. 1948 (the Womens University clinic of Vienna). . , . , . , , . 1986 (Geburtshaus NuBdorf). - . , - . 2 000 , 10% .

 

(Fiona Alderdice)

1987 (the Queens University of Belfast). 1990 (a PhD). 1992 (NPEU, the National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit). , , . 1993 (a National Survey of Labour and Birth in Water). 1994 . . . .

 

(Janet Balaskas)

(the Active Birth Centre). , . 1981 (the Active Birth Movement). , , () . 1987 , (Keith Brainin) . , . , , . (Yehudi Gordon) (Water Birth). , . .

 

(Beverley Lowrence Beech)

, . . (the Association for Improvements in the Maternity Services). , . . (the National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit at Oxford). 1994 , (the Midwifery Committee of the United Kingdom Central Council for Nurses, Midwives and Health Visitors). ? (Whos Having Your Baby?). (Jean Robinson) ? . (Ultrasound? Unsound.). .

 

(Baroness Cumberlege)

1992 (Under Secretary of State for Health). 1981 1988 - (Chairman of South West Thames Regional Health Authority). 1989 1992 , (a Cuncil Member of the United Kingdom Central Cuncil for Nursing, Midwifery and Health Visiting). 1992 (hair of the Department of Healths Expert Maternity Group). (the Parliamentary Health Select Committee). (the Winterton Report). 1993 (Changing Childbirth). . . . .

 

(Gerd Eldering)

1980 - (head of the Obstric/ Gynaecology Department, Vinzenz-Pallotti Hospital in Bensberg Germany). , , 1982 . . 2 000 . 1000 . 1983 1987 . 501 501 . . .

(Caroline Flint)

(the Special Delivery Midwifery Practice). , . 1994 (Birth Centre). (Birthing Pool). (in South London). . (President of the Roal College of Midwives). , (Honorary Prfessor Thames Valley University). 250 . 20 . 25 - (a National Childbirth Trust Teacher).

 

(Dianne Garland)

, (the Senior Midwife in Practice and Research Development at Maidstone Hospital, Kent). . . 1987 (supervisor). - . , , . , .

 

(Yehudi Gordon)

-, . . 1979 (the Garden Hospital). , , . (the Encyclopaedia of Pregnancy And Birth), (Waterbirth).

 

(Faith HADDAD)

-. -. 1967 (Sheffield). (Anxiety in Pregnancy). 1989 (a Fellow of the Royal College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists). 1979 . 1987 .

 

(Christoph Hoestermann)

- (the Obstetric/Gynaecology Department) - (Vinzenz-Pallotti Hospital in Bensberg, Germany) . , (a tertiary level referral hospital in the Gambia, West Africa) , , , . . , .

 

(Justus Hofmeyr)

(the Obstetric and Gynaecology Dept at the Coronation and JG Strijdom Hospitals). (the University of the Witwatersrand). 1982 , (the Johannesburg Hospital Midwives Active Birth Unit). (the University of the Witwatersrand Council Overseas Research Scholarship). 1983 . 80 , 5 . , .

 

(Jayn Ingrey)

() (Splashdown Water Birth Services). 1989 . . , (pregnant couples) . (Caroline Flint and Valerie Taylor). .

 

(Rosemary Jenkins)

, (the Royal College of Midwives, RCM), , . RCM 1994 , RCOG . , . , .

 

(Sheila Kitzinger)

. , (honorary Professor at the Thames Valley University). , . . : , 35 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , . , : , , . , , , , (Pregnancy And Childbirth, Birth Over 35, Freedom And Choice in Childbirth, The Experience of Childbirth, Ourselves as Mothers, The Year After Childbirth, Homebirth & other Alternatives to Hospital, Breastfeeding Your Baby, The Experience of Breasfeeding, The Crying Baby, Pregnancy Day-by-Day, Womans Experience of Sex, Womans Experience of Love, The Good Birth Guide, The Complete Book of Pregnancy and Childbirth, Some Womens Experiences of Epidurals, Your Baby, Your Way: Making Pregnancy Dicisions and Birth Plans, Giving Birth: how it Really Feels, Sheila KITZINGER & P.SIMKIN Episiotomy and the Second Stage of Labour and Sheila KITZINGER & Lennart NILSSON Being Born). , . .

 

(Roger Lichy)

, (GP, General Practitioner), . . , (Cornwall). 1985 . (The Waterbirth Handbook) , .

 

(Piera Maghella)

C 1982 (an Active Birth Educator). (MJPA, an Active Birth Centre in Modena). , . , . . 1994 56 . (Nascita Attiva), . () . : (Preprazions al Parto Attivo), , (Come Organizzare e Condurre Un Corso) . Doula. .

 

(Sally Marchant)

, (the Royal College of Midwives). (the National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit), , (Research Midwife). 1994 . . (Wessex Research and Development Committee). . (the Council of the Royal College of Midwives).

(Josie Muscat)

. 1988 (Underwater Childbirth Clinic). . (Franca Camilleri). , . (the Edem Foundation). , . .

 

(Cass Nightingale)

1967 . 1978 . . (Divisional Manager of Womens and Childrens Services at Hillingdon Hospital).

, . (Hinchingbrook Hospital Hillingdon). . . (a Supervisor of Midwives), , , . , . , .

(Cheryl Nikodem)

, . , (the University of the Witwatersrand). . . 1976 . (a Diploma in Nursing and Midwifery). 1991 (BAC ur degree in Nursing Education and Cmmunity Health from the University of South Africa). 1993 . 1995 , . 14 . . , , , (Cochrane). , (Midwifery).

( Michel Odent)

- . (Pithiviers). , . (the Primal Health Research Centre). , . , (Birth Reborn), (Primal Health), (Water and Sexuality) (Nature of Birth and Breastfeeding). - (Jessica JOHNSON) (We are All Water Babies).

 

(Lesley Page)

(the Queen Charlottes Professor of Midwifery Practice). (the English National Board) , . (the Epert Maternity Group). , . (Changing Childbirh). , . . - . (Effective Group Practice in Midwifery: Working with Women, Blackwell Science, 1995.)

(Herman Ponette)

1970 . , , , , . . , . , , , . . , .

 

(Michael Rosenthal)

(a Board Certified obstetrician), 1985 (Upland) (the Family Birthing Center). -. 3 000 , , 1 000 . , . 1994 , , . (Claremont) (Karen). - (Northwestern University).

(Konrad Selke)

(the Universitys Childrens Hospital, Medical University of Cologne, Germany). . - (the Vinzenz-Pallotti Hospital, Bensberg, Germany) -. . , .

 

(Anna Uller)

. 1993 (Head of Midwifery Faaborg Maternity Unit). 1993 . . 10%. . , . . , .

 

. (Athena J. Vassie)

. (Kings College London), . 1984 . 1986 . , . , . 400 .

 

(Marsden Wagner)

- (The University of California at Los Angeles) , , . , UCLS, (Director of Maternal and Child Health for the California State Department of Public Health). 1971 UCLA (the Director of the UCLA-University of Copengagen Health Service Research Center).

. 1978 (WHO), 32 . . 80 , 5 .

 

 

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