| Indefinite | Continuous | Perfect | Perfect Continuous | |
| , , | , - | , | ||
| Present | I listen He writes , , , | I am listening is writing , | I have listened has written , | I have been listening has been writing , , ... |
| Past | I listened wrote , , .. | I was listening was writing , | I had listened had written , | I had been listening had been writing , ... |
| Future | I shall listen will write , | I shall be listening will be writing , | I shall have listened will have written , | I shall have been listening He will have been writing |
(Indefinite Tenses)
Present Indefinite. Present Indefinite
to, 3- . 3- -s(-es):
I work - - he works; we study she studies.
3- [s] : he asks [a:sks]; [z] : he reads [ri:dz], he goes [gouz]; [iz] : he dresses ['dresiz], he washes [-iz].
Present Indefinite do , (does 3- . .) to. .
Do you speak English? Does he play tennis?
to do (does 3- . .), not to.
I do not (don't) study French. He does not (doesn't) play tennis.
Present indefinite , , , .
I live in a large town. .
reads newspapers every day. .
, Present Indefinite: usually, always, every day, as a rule, sometimes, often.
Past Indefinite. Past Indefinite -ed . -ed [t] , [d] , [id] t d:
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to dress dressed [drest]; to ask asked ['a:skt], to live lived [livd]; to play played [pleid]; to want wanted ['wontid].
Past Indefinite . , Past Indefinite to do (did) to. .
Did you prepare your home-work yesterday?
to do (did) , not to.
I did not (didn't) ring him up yesterday.
Past Indefinite , , . , yesterday , the day before yesterday , last week (month, year) ( , ), last night , two days ago , in 1917 1917 .
Past Indefinite , , .
I seldom met him at the concerts last summer. .
I met him at the concert yesterday. .
Future Indefinite. Future Indefinite shall , will to. will .
.
not .
will take his son to the circus. Will he take his son to the circus? He will not (won't) take his son to the circus. We shall not (shan't) see him at the Institute.
Future Indefinite , . , tomorrow , the day after tomorrow , tonight , next year month) (), next week , in... days (hours) ... \), in a day (week, month) (, ).
Future Indefinite if, when, s soon as, before, after . Future Indefinite Present Indefinite .
We shall discuss the problem when I come home. , .
Future Indefinite , . will work at our factory. .
I shall finish this work tomorrow. .
(Continuous Tenses)
Continuous to be Participle I ( ) .
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Present Continuous to be (am, is, are), Past Continuous to be (was, were), Future Continuous to be (shall be, will be).
I am reading a book, and my sister is writing a letter. He was reading a book when I came in. We shall be working at the laboratory at that time tomorrow.
to be .
Are you doing your homework now? Were you listening to the radio when I came in? Will he be working in the garden all day long tomorrow?
not, .
Mary is not cooking dinner now. I shall not be working in the garden all day long.
Present Continuous , . now , at the present moment , at this moment .
They are having dinner now. Peter is not listening to the radio, you can ring him up.
Present Continuous , , . .
The earth is always moving. I am constantly thinking of you.
Present Continuous to go (to be going to) , .
We are going to listen to the radio after dinner .
Past Continuous , - . (at that moment, at 5 o'clock yesterday . ) , Past Indefinite.
She was sleeping when I returned. I was preparing for my last examination at that time.
Past Continuous , , . , all day (long) , all the time , the whole evening , from 3 till 7 3 7 . .
It was raining all day long on Sunday.
Past Continuous .
I was repairing my tape-recorder the whole evening yesterday. .
Future Continuous , .
(at 5 o'clock tomorrow, at that time . .) , Present Indefinite ( Future Indefinite ).
I shall be sleeping if you come at 11. , 11.
Future Continuous , . I shall be packing all day tomorrow. , , , : to love , to like , to hate , to see , to hear , to feel , to know , to understand .
(Perfect Tenses)
Perfect to have , Participle II .
I have already done my work. I had done my work before he came. I shall have finished my work by 5 o'clock.
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Present Perfect , , . , .
I have lost my book. .
She has bought a new dress. .
Present Perfect (already, just, yet, never, ever) , (today, this year, this month, this week, this morning).
I have never been to Odessa. He hasn't seen her this week.
Present Perfect , , . for ( since , , ). Present Perfect . Present Perfect .
They have read that book. .
I have lived here since 1975. 1975 .
Past Perfect , by (by 5 o'clock yesterday, by that time . .) Past Indefinite.
I had finished my work by 5 o'clock yesterday. 5 .
When he returned I had already translated the text. , .
Future Perfect , . by (5 o'clock tomorrow, by that time . .) .
By the end of the term we shall have learnt 300 new words. 300 .
I shall have done my laboratory work before he comes. , .
GRAMMAR EXERCISES
I. , Present Indefinite Present Continuous:
1. Guckoos (not, build) nests. They (use) the nests of other birds.
2. He usually (drink) coffee but today he (drink) tea.
3. I shan't go out now as it (rain) and I (not, have got) an umbrella.
4. Tom can't read the newspaper now because his mother (read) it.
5.I always buy lottery tickets but I never (win) anything.
6. Tom and Ann (have) a long conversation. I (wonder) what they (talk) about.
7. You (believe) all that the newspapers say? - No, I (not, believe) any of it. - Then why you (read) newspapers?
8. You (hear) the wind? It (blow) very strongly.
9. Have you seen my car keys anywhere? - No, I (look) for them but I (not, see) them.
10.She always (borrow) from me and never (remember) to pay me back.
:1)dont build,use; 2)drinks, is drinking; 3)is raining, havent; 4)is reading; 5)win; 6)have, wonder, are tolking; 7)Do you belive, dont belive, are you reading; 8)are you hearing, is blowing; 9)am looking, am not seeing; 10)borrows, remembers
II. , Present Perfect Present Perfect Continuous.
1. We (walk) ten kilometres.
2. We (walk) for three hours.
3. I'm on a diet, I (eat) nothing but apples for the whole week.
4. He (sleep) since ten o'clock. It's time he woke up.
5. The students (work) very well this term.
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6. I (work) with him for ten years and he never (say) "Good morning" to me.
7. You (hear) the news? Tom and Ann are engaged!
8. How many baskets of apples you (pick)? It seems to me you (to pick) them for 3 hours already.
9. You (see) my bag anywhere? I (look) for it for half an hour.
:1) have walked; 2)have been walking; 3)have been eating; 4)has slept; 5)have worked; 6)have been workinh, has said; 7)Have you heard; 8)have you picked, have been picking; 9)Have you seen, have been looking
III. , .
| 1. | . . . |
| 2. () | . 10 , . |
| 3. | (). . . |
| 4. | () , . 3 . |
IV. , .
1. We are having a test a) every lesson
b) for two days
c) now
2. We have tests a) very offen
b) for two hours
c) lately
3. We have had a test a) today
b) usually
c) every day
4. We have been having a test
a) since 5 o'clock
b) righ now
c) at 5 o'clock
:1)c; 2)a; 3)a; 4)a
V. , .
1. . a) is revising
b) revises
c) has been revising
2. . a) look for
b) am looking for
c) have been looking for
3. . a) am studing at
b) have been studing
c) study
:1)a; 2)c; 3)c;
