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A B , . ? . . . XVII . . .

, XVII , , XIX? , , .

 

. . , , .

, :

1) = {1, 2, 3}, B = {3, 5};

2) A = {1, 2, 3}, B = [3, 5];

3) A = [1, 3], B = [3, 5];

4) A = R, B = [3, 5];

5) A = R, B = R.

 

1 , : × = {(1; 3), (1; 5), (2; 3), (2; 5), (3; 3), (3; 5)}.

Ox , - . × . (. 1).

2 , . : 1, 2, 3, [3; 5]. , 1, 3 5 , . (. 2).

 

 

 
 

 

3 2 , , . , , × , [1; 3], . , , (. 3). , , .

4 , , .. , × , , [3; 5]. (. 4).

R×R ( 5) . , , . , R×R , .

, : .

 

 

(, , ), , . , . , , :

5 2;

10 8 2;

7 6, .. : , , .

, , .. .

, , , , , .. .

. .

: , , , , , . , , , , .

X = {3, 4, 5, 6, 8}. : 4>3, 5>3, 6>3, 8>3, 5>4, 6>4, 6>5, 8>5, 8>6.

1: 4 3 1, 5 4 1, 6 5 1.

2 : 3 6 , 4 8 .

3, 4, 5, 6, 8.

: , , . {(4, 3), (5, 3), (6, 3), (8, 3), (5, 4), (6, 4), (8, 4), (6, 5), (8, 5), (8, 6)}; 1 - {(4, 3), (5, 4), (6, 5)}, - , : {(3, 6), (4, 8)}. , , , X = {3, 4, 5, 6, 8}.

, - . , , 1 , X × X = {(3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6), (3, 8), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6), (4, 8), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6), (5, 8), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6), (6, 8), (8, 3), (8, 4), (8, 5), (8, 6), (8, 8)}.

, , X × X. .

. X × X.

: P, Q, R, S . , R - , R X × X.

, , . .

X = {2, 4, 6, 8, 12} , , . 4>2, 4 2; 6>4, 6 4 .., , .

 

 

X = {2, 4, 6, 8, 12}.

 

X = {2, 4, 6, 8, 12} .

, , : 12 2, 12 4, 12 6 .. , , . .

 

 

 

 

R X × X, .. , . , .

 

1. R , , .

.

, R X = {4, 5, 6, 7, 9} , : {(5, 4), (6, 4), (6, 5), (7, 4), (7, 5), (7, 6), (9, 4), (9, 5), (9, 6), (9, 7)}. .

 

2. R , , R. , .

, N : ; , 3 .

, . , x > y, y 3 - y = 3x.

, , :,, ~

xRy, , x R y.

 

 

 

 

{a, b, c, d, e} ( , , ), , . .

I. , , , , , .

, , , .

. R , , R .

:

R xRx

R , . : , , .

, . , , : , , .

II. , , , , , , . , : 1) , ; 2) , ; 3) , .

, , , , .

. R , , R , , R .

: R XxRyyRx

: , , , . : , , , , , .

III. , . , , .

. , , . , , , .

. R , , R , , R . ____

: R XxRy xyyRx

: , . : , , .

, . , , .

IV. , : , , . , .

. R , , R R z, , R z.

: R XxRy yRzxRz

, z, , z. .

, ., , .

 

V. .

{ ½; 1/3; ¼; 2/4; 2/6; 3/6} .

?

1) , .

2) , , , .

3) , , z, , z.

, , . , .

. R , , .

, , , .

, , , , , , , . , : {1/2, 2/4, 3/6}, {1/3, 2/6}, {1/4}. , , .. . .

, , .

: - , , , .

, . , , . .

, , = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10} 3. : , 3 0 ( 3, 6, 9), , 3 1 ( 1, 4, 7, 10), , 3 2 ( 2, 5, 8). , . , 3, , .

, , . : , , , , .

? , .. , . , () () , .. . , , , .

.

 

VI. .

, . , ; , ..

? .

1) , . , .. . .

2) , .. . .

3) , .

, , .

. R , . .

 

 

, . .

Y, , X Y.

. X = {3, 5, 7, 9} Y = {4, 6}. , , , Y, . , 5 4, 5 4; , 7 4 6, .. Y.

 

 

 

Y . , R, . R. : .

= {3, 5, 7, 9} Y = {4, 6}. , : (5, 4), (7, 4), (7, 6), (9, 4), (9, 6). , Y O y, , Y.

 

 

, .

, , X = R Y = {4, 6} .

, Y : 4 6. Y , , 4.

, 4, , 4. , , (4,), 4, . , (4, 4) . , (6,), 6, .

 

 

 





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