Man men
Woman women
Foot feet
Tooth teeth
Goose geese
Mouse mice
Child children
Sheep sheep
Deer deer
Datum data
Phenomenon phenomena
.
: . , .
The student asked the teacher. .
The teacher asked the student. .
. 's ' .
the student's room
Ann's book
the students' room
girls' books
.
to the student
by the student
about the student ..
( ).
( : ; ), . , .. what / which / what kind / whose? ( / / ?) , :
ocean floor
ocean current
surface current velocity
air mass
air mass density
temperature drop
water drop temperature
.
, . , work () to work (), wet () to wet (). , , , , . , .. . The result of the match was 1:0 to England. (Theresult : , ) Heavy rains result in floods. (Result : )
- (, , ). : , , - , .
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(The Adjective).
, .
fine weather
English literature
(large , small , heavy , brave ) (wooden , central ) ..
very .
: , .
1. (.. ) er, est.
| Deep Hard Big -- | Deeper Harder Bigger-- | The deep est The hard est The bigg est |
: ) ) y, - er, - ow, - le, .
| polite sunny shallow simple | polit er sunni er shallow er simpl er -- | (the) polit est (the) sunni est (the) shallow est (the) simpl est -- |
2. (.. 3- ) more less , most , least .
| interesting-- | more interesting less interesting | (the) most interesting (the) least interesting |
3. .
| good bad much, many little , far -- | better worse more less farther further | (the) best (the) worst (the) most (the) least (the) farthest (the) furthest -- |
.
as as
not so as
than
much / far / a lot +
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the + , the + ,
He is as tall as his brother. ( ), .
He is not so brave as his brother. , .
The winds in St.Petersburg are stronger than in Moscow. .- , .
Some clouds form much higher in the sky than the others. , .
The farther north you go, the colder the climate becomes. , .
(The Numeral).
-- , ( ), ( ).
.
0 zero, o[ou], naught, 1 one, 2 -- two, 3 -- free, 4 four, 5 five, 6 six, 7 seven, 8 eight, 9 nine,
10 ten, 11 eleven, 12 twelve, 13 thirteen, 14 fourteen, 15 fifteen, 16 sixteen, 17 seventeen, 18 eighteen, 19 nineteen, 20 twenty, 30 thirty, 40 forty, 50 fifty, 60 sixty, 70 seventy, 80 eighty, 90 ninety,
100 a / one hundred, 200 two hundred, 300 three hundred,
1,000 a / one thousand; 8,000 eight thousand; 200,000 two hundred thousand;
1,000,000 a / one million; 6,000,000 six million;
121 one hundred and twenty one (books);
7,006 seven thousand and six.
.
first , second , third , - th.
four th , fif th , six th , seven th , eigh th , nin th , ten th .
i - eth.
twent y twent ieth
fort y fort ieth
.
1/2 -- a half, 1/3 a /one third, ¾ -- three quarters, 2/9 two ninths,
0.25 zero / nought point two five, 2.456 two point four five six, 7.089 seven point o[ou] eight nine, 7 point seven.
(The Pronoun).
, , , .
we , who , that , some .
, .
Jane studies the Russian language. She likes it. . .
She has some books in Russian. .
.
| I you , , he ( ) she ( ) it , , ( ) we they-- | me , him , , her , it , , us , you , , them , |
.
| my your , his her its , our their -- | mine his hers its , ours yours , theirs |
.
it ., :
wind / dog / lake = it (= / / ).
you . , (, , ).
You are a student. () .
You are students. .
this / these; that / those.
this () that () ., : these () those (). , . these .
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These elements are called metals. .
These are alike in . , .
that / those - , . ( of) that / those.
The climate of Great Britain is much like that of the Baltic republics. .
that " / / , ", .
Copernicus proved that the Earth goes round the Sun. , .
it.
it .
1. It -, , . it " / / ".
This is a new map. It is very large. . .
2. It . it: ) - (It is important to know these facts. ); ) - (It is 5 km to the port. 5 . It is 5 o'clock now. 5 .); ) (It is cold. . It is getting. .).
(The Adverb).
, , . ? ? ? .
. He speaks loudly. . He is never late. . I do not know where you live. , . She is a very good friend. .
.
1. : well , badly , quickly .
2. : yesterday , today , tomorrow , al ways , never , lately , then .
3. : above , , below , outside , inside , here , there .
4. : very , much , little , too , nearly .
.
( ) : , , .
| 1. early. | ||
| fast soon early -- | fast er soon er earli er -- | (the) fast est (the) soon est (the) earli est |
| 2. , ly. | ||
| clearly -- | more clearly less clearly | (the) most clearly (the) least clearly -- |
| 3. well , badly , much , little , far . | ||
| well badly much little far -- | better worse more less farther further-- | (the) best (the) worst (the) most (the) least (the) farthest (the) furthest |
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(The Verb).
, . , , . (Finite Forms) (Non-finite Forms).
: , , , , , . , , . We live in Russia. .
(Infinitive), (Gerund), (Participle). , , . .
.
4 .
| I | II | III | IV |
| Infinitive to write to develop | Past Indefinite wrote developed | II Participle II wrotten developed | I Participle I (-ing ) writing developing |
(1).
, . , . . to.
II u III () ().
| I | II | III | IV |
| to ask to write | ask ed * wrote | ask ed * written | asking writing |
* (Past Indefinite) II -ed (-d) . I ing , .
.
.
| Indefinite (, ) | Present Past Future | |
| Continuous | Present Past Future | to be + ing |
| Perfect , , | Present Past Future | to have + II |
| Perfect Continuous , | Present Past Future | to have been + ing |
.
.
| Indefinite | Present | I, we you, they ask he, she, it asks | usually, sometimes, every day, often, seldom |
| Past | +ed asked II . .. wrote | yesterday last year 3 years ago | |
| Future | I, we will ask ask | tomorrow next year in 3 years | |
| Continuous | Present | am asking is are | now, at present |
| Past | was asking were | yesterday from 5 till 6 | |
| Future | will be asking | tomorrow from 5 till 6 | |
| Perfect | Present | have asked has | just, ever, never, yet, already, today, this year for, since |
| Past | had asked | by 3 o'clock yesterday | |
| Future | will have asked | by 3 o'clock tomorrow | |
| Perfect Continuous | Present | have been asking has | for, since |
| Past | had been asking | for, since | |
| Future | shall have been asking will | for |
The Indefinite, Forms.
