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11.02.09
11.02.10 ,
11.02.11
11.02.08
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1 ( , , ) Pre-Intermediate ( ) 3 .
2 ( 1, , , ) Intermediate (),
4 .
3 Upper Intermediate ( ) 5 1, 2 3 , .
| .. | . | |
| 2 3 | ||
| 1. | 1. . . | |
| 1. . | ||
| 2. | 2. 1.2. . | |
| 3. | 3. 1.3. | |
| 4. | 4. 1.4. | |
| 5. | 5. 1.5. | |
| 6. | 6. 1.6. | |
| 7. | 7. 1.7. | |
| 8. | 8. 1.8. | |
| 9. | 9. 1.9. | |
| 2. | ||
| 10. | 10. 2.1. | |
| 11. | 11. 2.2. | |
| 3. | ||
| 12. | 12. 3.1. | |
| 13. | 13. 3.2. . | |
| 14. | 14. 3.3. | |
| 15. | 15. 3.4. | |
| 16. | 16. 3.5. | |
| . |
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1. 1. . .
| 2 3 . . 60 | |
| 90 . 1 2 | |
| 1 | , [ z ]: |
| series | |
| bus | |
| dielectric | |
| process | |
| 2 | , [ t ]: |
| continent | |
| transmit | |
| invent | |
| speed | |
| 2 | , [ s ]: |
| points | |
| focus | |
| bus | |
| boys | |
| 1 | , [ ai ]: |
| supply | |
| logical | |
| manipulate | |
| special | |
| 1 | , [ e ]: |
| message | |
| continent | |
| information | |
| cable | |
| 1 | , [ ei ]: |
| patent | |
| return | |
| travel | |
| artificial | |
| 1 | , Polythene cable : |
| country | |
| core losses | |
| lead sheath | |
| ground network | |
| 2 | , Cable laying : |
| multi-core cable | |
| broken circuit | |
| protection network | |
| apple | |
| 1 | , Network development : |
| comprehensive school | |
| connecting contact | |
| space wave | |
| high speed | |
| 2 | , Space communication : |
| travel | |
| launch | |
| flight | |
| salary | |
| 2 | , Transmitting lines : |
| electric energy | |
| conducting wires | |
| metal wires | |
| play football | |
| 1 | packets of light that process information.: |
| photons | |
| net | |
| laboratory | |
| observation | |
| 1 | the first man in space travelled around the Earth.: |
| Yuri Gagarin | |
| audio and video recordings | |
| new technology | |
| modern cable | |
| 1 | , Transmission lines : |
| product's characteristics | |
| outdoor aerial | |
| conducting surface | |
| indoor aerial | |
| 1 | : |
| laser | |
| net | |
| rest | |
| increase | |
| 2 | , : |
| Personal computer users will use educational means on magnetic or optical disks. | |
| They will have operate telephone systems, control the operation of the television and radio broadcasts. | |
| The equipment contains oscillators, modulators, filters, amplifiers, and amplitude limiters. | |
| Modulators used in the equipment are of the usual type. | |
| 1 | : |
| compressed gas | |
| "early radio" | |
| modern radio receivers | |
| modern radio | |
| 2 | , : |
| The aircraft will take the ship to an altitude of 17,000 meters. | |
| The spaceships being designed will be placed on top of the carrier aircraft. | |
| This company has constructed a mock-up of reusable spaceship. | |
| Nowadays some aerospace companies have been making plans for constructing a suborbital ship. | |
| 1 | The first spaceship was a high altitude rocket. It was launched from the Earth, travelled through the atmosphere into space and returned to the Earth. Information on space collected by the rocket was transmitted to the Earth via telemetry. athematically based data on space exploration were postulated by K.E. Tsiolkovsky in Russia?: |
| Russia | |
| United Kingdom | |
| United States | |
| South Korea | |
| 1 | : |
| decreased power | |
| public organizations | |
| available means | |
| memory access | |
| 1 | , communicate : |
| transmit | |
| use | |
| invent | |
| serve | |
| 1 | : |
| connecting wire | |
| high speed | |
| useful equipment | |
| local sources | |
| 1 | separate : |
| add | |
| contain | |
| polarize | |
| buzz | |
| 1 | amplify : |
| relax | |
| curve | |
| radiate | |
| reflect | |
| 1 | reduce : |
| increase | |
| vary | |
| depend on | |
| generate | |
| 1 | one element two _______: |
| elements | |
| elementes | |
| elementary | |
| elementies | |
| 2 | , : |
| message | |
| information | |
| communicate | |
| possibly | |
| 2 | : |
| gas | |
| company | |
| advantage | |
| capacitor | |
| 1 | , _______ cable must be taken out and inspected .: |
| Faulty | |
| Faultous | |
| Faultory | |
| Faultive | |
| 1 | , A _____ era in space communication opened on April 12, 1961 .: |
| new | |
| newcomer | |
| newness | |
| news | |
| 1 | , The basic technological part of energy transmission process is a long transmission line, and a cable is its ______ part .: |
| the most main | |
| mainage | |
| more mainment | |
| the mainth | |
| 1 | , Polythene cables are comparatively new devices. _______ industrial production started only after World War II .: |
| Their | |
| His | |
| Her | |
| They | |
| 1 | , In developing _______ telegraph system, Samuel Morse reduced the way of writing the letters of the alphabet to a very simple form .: |
| his | |
| I | |
| he | |
| you | |
| 1 | , The passengers in the ship will experience weightlessness. ______ will see the Earth from the space .: |
| they | |
| them | |
| their | |
| he | |
| 2 | By means of electrical relays the electric current flowing in one circuit can open or close a second circuit .: |
| In what way is the electric current can open or close a second circuit? | |
| Does the electric current can open or close a second circuit? | |
| What elements do the equipment oscillators contain? | |
| How many modulators are they designed to supply? | |
| 2 | At the beginning of the 20th century "early radio" became possible to transmit messages without wires .: |
| When did "early radio" become possible to transmit messages without wires? | |
| Did "early radio" become possible to transmit messages without wires at the beginning of the 20th century? | |
| What "early radio" became possible to transmit messages without wires at the beginning of the 20th century? | |
| Why "early radio" became possible to transmit messages without wires at the beginning of the 20th century? | |
| 1 | The first spaceship ______ a high altitude rocket .: |
| was | |
| shall be | |
| were | |
| were not | |
| 2 | Gas-insulated lines can thus transmit power over larger distances than cable lines .: |
| Can gas-insulated lines transmit power over larger distances than cable lines? | |
| Do gas-insulated lines transmit power over larger distances than cable lines? | |
| Does gas-insulated lines transmit power over larger distances than cable lines? | |
| What kind of gas-insulated lines transmit power over larger distances than cable lines? | |
| 2 | : |
| Nowadays spaceships may be launched from the Earth. | |
| Ought spaceships be launched from the Earth? | |
| Lines used for energy transmission may be classed into the following three types: overhead, indoor and underground. | |
| Spaceships has to be launched from a satellite space station. | |
| 1 | , .: |
| People can widely use video recorders to record television programs today. | |
| People could widely use video recorders to record television programs today. | |
| People must widely use video recorders to record television programs today. | |
| People ought to use video recorders to record television programs today. | |
| 2 | : |
| Nowadays spaceships may be launched from the Earth. | |
| Ought spaceships be launched from the Earth? | |
| Lines used for energy transmission may be classed into the following three types: overhead, indoor and underground. | |
| Spaceships has to be launched from a satellite space station. | |
| 1 | Messages WERE SENT by wireless telegraph that is now called "early radio" .: |
| 1 | Conductors and transformers ARE CONNECTED to the lines since they serve as the means of reducing heating and radiation losses .: |
| 1 | _______ polythene cables belong to the type of cables widely used in transmitting electrical energy from area to area . |
| - | |
| an | |
| the | |
| a | |
| 2 | : |
| Cables were put under the Atlantic Ocean. | |
| At the beginning of the 19th century the electric revolution made great progress. | |
| Cables were put under an Atlantic Ocean. | |
| At the beginning of 19th century the electric revolution made great progress. | |
| 1 | Artificial communication satellites are placed ______ an orbit around the Earth .: |
| in | |
| to | |
| at | |
| by | |
| 1 | Journalists viewing a model of the three-seat S-XXI reusable spaceship for tourists _____ the air base .: |
| at | |
| by | |
| in | |
| to | |
| 1 | Zero point energy is the energy of _______ atoms of a substance at the absolute zero of temperature .: |
| few | |
| a little | |
| much | |
| little | |
| 1 | The gas-insulated lines include ______ conductors and each of them is placed inside a tube .: |
| many | |
| little | |
| much | |
| a few | |
| 1 | : |
| Modern radio will become possible, if inventors create a vacuum tube. | |
| Modern radio will become possible, if inventors won t create a vacuum tube. | |
| If inventors create a vacuum tube, modern radio become possible. | |
| If inventors didn t create a vacuum tube, modern radio will became possible. | |
| 1 | : |
| If the inventors equipped spaceship with two-way radio transmitters, would the cosmonaut send signals to the Earth? | |
| If the inventors equip spaceship with two-way radio transmitters, could the cosmonaut send signals to the Earth? | |
| Will the cosmonaut send signals to the Earth, if the inventors equip spaceship with two-way radio transmitters? | |
| Will the cosmonaut have sent signals to the Earth, if the inventors equip spaceship with two-way radio transmitters? | |
| 1 | The cosmonaut said to them: I will retransmit messages by means of cable transmission tomorrow .: |
| The cosmonaut told them he would retransmit messages by means of cable transmission next day. | |
| The cosmonaut told them they will retransmit messages by means of cable transmission next day. | |
| The cosmonaut said to them his would retransmit messages by means of cable transmission tomorrow. | |
| The cosmonaut told them him will retransmit messages by means of cable transmission tomorrow. | |
| 1 | Our teacher asked me: Can I get a lot of information about the functions of active satellites? : |
| Our teacher asked me if he could get a lot of information about the functions of active satellites. | |
| Our teacher asked me if I could get a lot of information about the functions of active satellites. | |
| Our teacher asked me if could he get a lot of information about the functions of active satellites. | |
| Our teacher asked me if he can get a lot of information about the functions of active satellites. | |
| 1 | ________ a newtechnology for the Buranspace shuttle in 1988 .: |
| using | |
| to use | |
| to have been use | |
| being used | |
| 1 | Conductors and transformers are ________ to the lines .: |
| connected | |
| connect | |
| was connecting | |
| connects | |
| 2 | Some aerospace companies _______ a new suborbital ship for space travels .: |
| make up | |
| make for | |
| make out | |
| make off | |
| 2 | We have to ________ lines used for energy transmission .: |
| see about | |
| see over | |
| saw through | |
| see the sights | |
| 1 | : |
| It is easy for people to use modern means of communication. | |
| All the ships return to the Earth. | |
| Where are spaceships launched from? | |
| It is a well-known fact that the ionosphere forms part of the Earth's upper atmosphere. | |
| 1 | , Energy transmission is one of the basic elements of modern communication. Practically, one can say that communication is carried out due to the energy being transmitted over the transmitting lines. Lines used for energy transmission may be classed into the following three types: overhead, indoor and underground. Naturally, these types are different in construction and in the elements they are made of. As for overhead lines, they include line conductors, insulators and supports.: |
| Transmitting lines | |
| Communication | |
| Artificial communication satellites | |
| Network development | |
| 1 | , As we know, electric energy is transmitted to different parts of the country means of transmitting lines. The lines include thick wires made of different metals. A number of metal wires put together form one thick cable and a pair includes two insulated conductors forming a metallic circuit. Thus the basic technological part of energy transmission process is a long transmission line, and a cable is its main part.: |
| The basic technological part of energy transmission process is a long transmission line. | |
| A number of metal wires put the basic technological part of energy. | |
| The lines include a long transmission line. | |
| Electric energy include thick wires made of different metals. | |
| 1 | Transmission lines belong to the basic parts of the technological sphere of modern communication. In this sphere there operate different types of energy transmission lines. They differ in length, construction, and cost. Among different types of transmission lines compressed gas-insulated ones have a number of advantages. Their main advantages are simplicity of construction and comparatively low cost. The gas-insulated lines include a number of phase conductors and each of them is placed inside a tube. In the technological sphere there operate different types of ________.: |
| energy transmission lines | |
| modern communication | |
| construction and comparatively low cost | |
| them is placed inside a tube | |
| 1 | Energy _______ is one of the basic elements of modern communication. Practically, one can say that communication is carried out due to the energy being transmitted over the transmitting lines.: |
| transmission | |
| processor | |
| audio | |
| diagram |
|
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2. 2. Unit 1.2. Telegraph
1.2.
Task 1. Learn the following words and word combinations by heart. Read and translate the text. Answer the following questions.
1. . . .
Vocabulary
to buzz - ,
to run - (); (, . .);
( ); ( );
to record ;
dash - ,
dot -
buzzer -
key - ; ;
note - ;
bell -
valve - ;
weak -
dash-and-dot code -
record key - ()
enlarged range -
series-parallel switch - -
valve amplifier
key-modulated waves - ,
TELEGRAPH
Historically, telegraphy is the first electrical system of information move-transmission. Telegraph was patented by inventor Samuel Morse in 1837. The first telegraph line was completed in 1844, was running for 64 km. The first message was transmitted as a coded series of long and short electronic impulses - the so-called dots and dashes.
In developing his telegraph system, Samuel Morse reduced the way of writing the letters of the alphabet to a very simple form. And they could be by an electrically controlled instrument. In forming the combinations of dots and dashes to be used for each letter, Morse used the shorter and simpler combinations for the most frequently used letters. In that way period needed for transmitting the messages was greatly reduced.
Questions
1. By whom will the firm be run?
2. What is the definition of telegraphy?
3. By what means can a circuit be opened?
4. By what means are messages transmitted over a distance?
5. By what means can a circuit be closed?
Task 2. Translate and write down the following words and word combinations in your workbooks. Make up a short plan of the text "TELEGRAPH" and write it down in your workbooks, summarize the text in short.
2. . Ի , .
Short theoretical information and a sample of implementation
( )
Word Formation ()
(). , , , .
| encode () | code () | encoded () |
en :
) , -, :
frame () - to enframe ( );
) , , :
danger () - to endanger ( );
large () - to enlarge (().
Translate the following words and word combinations in written form.
.
Word combinations
1. enplaned equipment _______________________________
2. encoded signals___________________________________
3. enlarged amplification of sounds_____________________
Words
alphabet______________________
telegraphy____________________
vibration______________________
series ________________________
impulse_______________________
Word combinations
buzzing note__________________________________________________
parts producing buzzing_________________________________________
automatical recording __________________________________________
automatically recorded dots and dashes_____________________________
switching currents on and off_____________________________________
periods of switching currents on and off____________________________
mechanical switches operated by electromagnets_____________________
Task 3. Prepare a presentation of the topic TELEGRAPH: make up slides about the topic TELEGRAPH, write down the material of the slides in your workbooks, prepare your report (presentation) for the demonstration it in the lecture-room.
3. Ի: Ի, , () .
3. 3. Unit 1.3. VOICE-FREQUENCY-TELEGRAPH EQUIPMENT
1.3.
