Если к этим прилагательным присоединить префиксы un - или in -, то получим слова противоположного значения:
unbreakable - небьющийся
uncomfortable - неудобный
Суффикс - ful часто обозначает, что что-либо преисполнено/проникнуто чем-либо:
helpful – готовый помочь
careful – осторожный
Суффикс –less обозначает недостаток чего-либо: jobless ( безработный), homeless (бездомный), careless (небрежный). Часто слова с суффиксами – ful и -less являются антонимами.
Составные слова. К составным словам относятся слова, образованные путем соединения двух слов в одно. Некоторые слова пишутся слитно, другие – через дефис. В английском языке существуют составные существительные, прилагательные, местоимения, глаголы, наречия, предлоги.
1. Составные существительные:
bedroom (bed+room)
newspaper (news+paper)
blackboard (black+board)
2. Составные прилагательные:
dark-blue (dark+blue)
first-class (first+class)
Следует выделить составные прилагательные, образованные из сочетания прилагательного и существительного с суффиксом:
Blue-eyed
Kind-hearted
Тренировочные упражнения
1. Определите к какой части речи относятся следующие слова:
Education, educate, educational, constitution, constitute, province, provincial, establishment, establish, requirement, require, respond, responsible, association, associate, competition, compete, competitive, certificate, certification, celebration, celebrate, constant, constantly, timetable, intellect, high, highly, immediate, immediately, intellectual.
2. Найди в каждом ряду существительное:
1. a) developing b)developed c) development d) develop
2. a) provide b) providing c) provision d) provided
3. a) attend b) attention c) attentive d) attending
4. a) knowledge b) smaller c) know d) knows
5. a) better b) keep c) keeper d) kept
6. a) finder b) finding c) finds d) harder
7. a) build b) better c) built d) builder
8. a) behavior b) therefore c) until d) think
9. a) possible b) other c) realize d) influence
10. a) quite b)way c) equip d)later
3. Найдите в каждом ряду прилагательное:
1. a) probably b)property c) probable d) properly
2. a) suddenly b) different c) degree d) during
3. a) excellent b) member c) enough d) explanation
4. a) dangerous b) danger c) determine d) discovery
5. a) changes b) consideration c) consist d) changeable
6. a) decision b) decide c)decisive d) divide
7. a) possible b) probably c) opportunity d) provide
8. a) simplicity b) shake c) scientific d) schedule
9. a) production b) produce c) productive d) provision
10. a) attends b) admission c) achievement d) attentive
4. Прочитайте и переведите каждое из следующих слов, определите, к какой части речи оно относится и от какого слова образовано:
durability dangerous replacement
stormy movement quantitative
indifferent simplicity entrance
dwelling irregular flyer
appearance weakness hardly
influential distant bravely
development slowly traveler
mainly weightlessness different
thickness supposition necessity
historic islander happiness
reasonable promotion
5. Найдите в правой колонке перевод слов, приведенных в левой:
1. поселение a) settle b) settlement c) settler d) settles
2. независимость a) dependence b) independent c) depend d) independence
3. здание a) builder b) builds c) building d) build
4. реставрация a) restoration b) restorative c) restore d) restores
5.содействующий a) promote b) promoting c) promotion d) promotes
6. замененный a) replacement b) place c) replace d) replaced
7. значение a)mean b) meaning c) meant d) means
8. предположение a) supposes b) suppose c) supposed d) supposition
9. летчик a) flyer b) fly c) flight d) flying
10. мощный a)power b) powerless c) powerful d) proper
11. медленно a) slower b)slowly c) slow d) slowest
12. вес a) weighty b) weightlessness c) weight d) weightless
Тренировочные упражнения по 1 части
Вариант А
1. Вставьте артикль там, где это необходимо:
1) At … weekend Alex went to the library.
a) a b) an c) the d) -
2) We hoped to see … Queen.
a) a b) an c) the d) -
3) New York is in … USA
a) a b) an c) the d) -
4) Australia is … interesting country.
a) a b) an c) the d) -
5) Would you like … glass of Pepsi?
a) a b) an c) the d) -
6) He is … radio operator.
a) a b) an c) the d) -
7) There is … cat on the sofa?
a) a b) an c) the d) -
8) …Alps are in … Europe.
a) a b) an c) the d) -
9) Next summer well have a trip to … Baikal.
a) a b) an c) the d) -
10) … Paula is absent today.
a) a b) an c) the d) -
2. Поставьте существительные во множественном числе:
| Единственное число | Множественное число |
| deer | |
| root | |
| lead | |
| church | |
| sandwich | |
| bus | |
| class | |
| fly | |
| wife | |
| woman |
3. Вставьте в пробелы прилагательное или наречие:
1. You should speak … to young children.
a) rough b) roughly
2. He was sent off the rugby field for playing….
a) rough b) roughly
3. Health care in our district has been… improved.
a) great b) greatly
4. Our whole project is balanced … between success and failure.
a) fine b) finely
5. Planes coming in to land to fly … over buildings.
a) low b) lowly
6. He began life as a … bank clerk and rose to the position of chairman.
a) low b) lowly
7. The government is … responsible for the present state of the nation.
a) large b) largely
8. …you press the object button, then you load the tape.
a) First b) Firstly
4. Вставьте в пробелы правильную форму местоимения:
1) Who is that woman? Why are you looking at…..?
2) I want those books. Please give … to ….
3) Does your father like … job?
4) Thank you for … letter.
5) We gave her…address and she gave … hers.
6) Do you live by…?
5. Вставьте в пробелы неопределенное местоимение:
1) We haven’t got … eggs.
a) some; b) any; c) no.
2) There isn’t … cheese in the fridge.
a) some; b) any; c) no.
3) I’d like … milk and sugar in my coffee, please.
a) some; b) any; c) no.
4) Can you give me … orange juice?
a) some; b) any; c) no.
5) Please give me … apples.
a) some; b) any; c) no.
6. Вставьте вместо точек нужное производное от неопределенных местоимений:
1) I can’t wait! I’ve got … time.
2) How many people did you meet?....
3) Did you do … interesting for your holidays.
4) What’s wrong? - I’ve got … in my eye.
5) All the hotels were full. There was … to stay.
Вариант В
1. Вставьте артикль там, где это необходимо:
1) There are many stars in … sky.
a) a b) an c) the d) -
2) Mr. Brown has … new office.
a) a b) an c) the d) -
3) He went to … bed at 10 p.m.
a) a b) an c) the d) -
4) … Everest is the highest mountain.
a) a b) an c) the d) -
5) What is … capital of Italy?
a) a b) an c) the d) -
6) We like to spend our holiday on … river Yenissei.
a) a b) an c) the d) -
7) Will you go to … Mediterranean this summer?
a) a b) an c) the d) -
8) In London, we stayed at … Hilton Hotel.
a) a b) an c) the d) -
9) Open … door, please.
a) a b) an c) the d) -
10) … Italians like spaghetti.
a) a b) an c) the d) -
- Поставьте существительные во множественном числе:
| Единственное число | Множественное число |
| deer | |
| roof | |
| leaf | |
| church | |
| sandwich | |
| bus | |
| class | |
| fly | |
| wife | |
| woman |
3. Вставьте в пробелы прилагательное или наречие:
1) You should never speak … to young children.
a) rough b) roughly
2) He was sent off the rugby field for playing ….
a) rough b) roughly
3) Health care in our district has been … improved.
a) great b) greatly
4) Our whole project is balanced … between success and failure.
a) fine b) finely
5) Planes coming in to land to fly … over buildings.
a) low b) lowly
6) He began life as a … bank clerk and rose to the position of chairperson.
a) low b) lowly
7) The government is … responsible for the present state of the nation.
a) large b) largely
8) … you press the object button, then you load the tape.
a) First b) Firstly
4. Вставьте в пробелы соответствующие местоимения:
1) Who is the that woman? Why are you looking at …?
2) I want those books. Please give … to ….
3) Does your father like … job?
4) Thank you for … letter.
5) That’s not my/mine umbrella. My/Mine is yellow.
6) We gave her … address and she … hers.
7) Do you live by …?
5. Вставьте вместо точек нужное неопределенное местоимение:
1) We haven’t got … milk. We finished it last night.
a) some; b) any; c) no.
2) I suppose we haven’t got … sugar either.
a) some; b) any; c) no.
3) I want to make …cakes.
a) some; b) any; c) no.
4) There is … meat. We need to buy ….
a) some; b) any; c) no.
5) I haven’t got … paper to write on.
a) some; b) any; c) no.
6. Вставьте в пробелы нужное производное от неопределенных местоимений:
1) My brother is married but he has got … children.
2) How many mistakes did you make? ….
3) I’m hungry. I want … to eat.
4) Tom lives … near London.
5) I didn’t know about the meeting. … told me.
Вариант С
1. Вставьте артикль там, где это необходимо:
1) Pass me … bread, please.
a) a b) an c) the d) -
2) … sun is shining brightly today.
a) a b) an c) the d) -
3) We’ve … TV in our room.
a) a b) an c) the d) -
4) Mr. Jones is on … phone now.
a) a b) an c) the d) -
5) … Saturday is my day off.
a) a b) an c) the d) -
6) He is … only student absent.
a) a b) an c) the d) -
7) … lunch was great.
a) a b) an c) the d) -
8) We’ll meet in … afternoon.
a) a b) an c) the d) -
9) Last week I bought … car.
a) a b) an c) the d) -
10) It’s … pity, but I haven’t got any sugar.
a) a b) an c) the d) -
2. Поставьте существительные во множественном числе:
| Единственное число | Множественное число |
| camera | |
| city | |
| brush | |
| policeman | |
| boy | |
| mouse | |
| dress | |
| child | |
| house | |
| ox |
3. Вставьте в пробелы прилагательное или наречие:
1) We cancelled our insurance policy and that cost us….
a) dear; b) dearly.
2) We really paid … for our mistake.
a) dear; b) dearly.
3) She didn’t mean to hurt you and … regrets what she said.
a) deep; b) deeply.
4) If anyone phones while I’m out, tell them I’ll be back ….
a) direct; b) directly.
5) Is it possible to fly … to Tahiti?
a) direct; b) directly.
6) He dislikes playing cards with jack. He never plays ….
a) fair; b) fairly.
7) I’m sure the shop will treat you … if you ask for a refund.
a) fair; b) fairly.
8) Six o’clock will suit us ….
a) fine; b) finely.
4. Вставьте местоимения:
1) I saw his and Philip with … son, Bill.
2) They want the money. Please give … to ….
3) My sister plays tennis but … favorite sport is athletics.
4) They have two children but I don’t know ……… names.
5) We gave him … address and he gave … ….
6) When people are alone, they often talk to ….
7) Goodbye! Have a good holiday and look ….
5. Вставьте вместо точек нужное неопределенное местоимение:
1) There is … milk in the jar.
a) some; b) any; c) no.
2) Are there …biscuits left.
a) some; b) any; c) no.
3) We need … bread.
a) some; b) any; c) no.
4) Have we got … eggs?
a) some; b) any; c) no.
5) There are … apples left in the fridge.
a) some; b) any; c) no.
6. Вставьте нужное производное от неопределенных местоимений:
1) I’m afraid there is … coffee.Would you like tea?
2) How many legs has a snake got? ….
3) I’m staying here. I’m not going ….
4) I’m lonely. I have got … to talk to.
5) Jack hasn’t go … to help him.
Вариант D
1. Вставьте артикль, там, где это необходимо:
1) Would you like to go to … Bahamas?
a) a b) an c) the d) -
2) … girl by the window is my sister.
a) a b) an c) the d) -
3) My brother is … doctor.
a) a b) an c) the d) -
4) Pass me … salt, please.
a) a b) an c) the d) -
5) Would you like … cup of coffee?
a) a b) an c) the d) -
6) … Browns are in the garden.
a) a b) an c) the d) -
7) What is … best place in Tokyo?
a) a b) an c) the d) -
8) We go to … beach in summer.
a) a b) an c) the d) -
9) It’s … most interesting museum in our town.
a) a b) an c) the d) -
10) This is … old pair trousers.
a) a b) an c) the d) -
2. Поставьте существительные во множественном числе:
| Единственное число | Множественное число |
| tooth | |
| fox | |
| dress | |
| goose | |
| deer | |
| hand | |
| watch | |
| knife | |
| lady | |
| leaf |
3. Вставьте в пробелы прилагательное или наречие:
1) I suppose you expect me to smile … at the camera.
a) pretty b) prettily
2) With a job and the salary, you’re sitting ….
a) pretty b) prettily
3) You did … in refusing payment for giving them advice.
a) right b) rightly
4) He did what he was asked to do, but he’ll never know if he acted ….
a) right b) rightly
5) He was sent off the rugby field for playing ….
a) rough b) roughly
6) I only caught a glimpse of her so I can only describe her ….
a) rough b) roughly
7) She was so exhausted, she could only lie … on her back.
a) flat b) flatly
8) She … denies she has anything to do with this business.
a) flat b) flatly
4. Вставьте соответствующие местоимения:
1) Where are the tickets? I can’t find ….
2) We want the photographs. Please give … to ….
3) Put on … coat when you go out. It’s very cold.
4) I gave the money to my wife and put it in … bag.
5) Is this camera your/yours?
6) I gave her … address and she gave me ….
7) He fell off the ladder but he didn’t hurt ….
5. Вставьте в пробелы соответствующее неопределенное местоимение:
1) There are … biscuits in the cupboard. Can you give me one?
a) some; b) any; c) no.
2) Have we got … apples in the fridge?
a) some; b) any; c) no.
3) Can I have … ice-cream?
a) some; b) any; c) no.
4) We’ve got … bananas. Can you go and by some?
a) some; b) any; c) no.
5) We need … salt.
a) some; b) any; c) no.
6. Вставьте в пробелы необходимое производное от неопределенных местоимений:
1) It’s a nice house but there’s … garden.
2) How much time have you got? ….
3) What did you say? ….
4) What did you have to it? - … I wasn’t hungry.
5) … has broken the window.
КОНТРОЛЬНЫЯ РАБОТА 1.
Вариант 1
I. Перепишите предложения, вставьте артикль, где необходимо и переведите на русский язык:
1. His... aunt is... teller in... bank.
2. There is... apple on the table.... apple is from our... garden.
3. She has... two... pets:... dog and... cat.... dog is... black and... cat is... tabby.
4. They are …... old friends.
5.... students of our... group are at... university.
II. Выпишите из текста шесть существительных в единственном числе и образуйте множественное число этих существительных.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык. Укажите, показателем, какой грамматической категории является конечная буква s в выделенных словах: признаком множественного числа имени существительного или показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.
1. This is Nina. She is my brother’s wife.
2. This is Petrov’s flat.
3. These students’ rooms are very nice.
IV. Выпишите все числительные из текста и напишите их словами.
V. Перепишите следующие предложения, найдите в них местоимения и укажите, к какой группе они относятся: личные, притяжательные, указательные. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Bring those books, please!
2. I have his pencil.
3. Their children are at this school.
VI. Выберите нужную форму глагола to be или to have, перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык. Затем составьте вопросительную и отрицательную формы (см. образец выполнения 5)
1. My sister... a very nice bag.
2. How old... you?
3. New York... a big city.
4. They... a large room in the hostel.
5. I... an agronomist.
VII. Составьте три предложения, используя слова, данные в колонках, и переведите их на русский язык.
| There is | 2,600 universities | on the second floor |
| There are | many students | in the USA |
| a large library | at the university |
VIII. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст контрольной работы на русский язык.
IX. Письменно ответьте по-английски на вопросы, следующие за текстом.
THE ROYAL FAMILY
The British Royal Family is over 1,000 years old. Queen Elizabeth is the 54th queen since King Alfred in the 9th century. Her husband is Prince Philip. They have four children and seven grandchildren. The Queen’s eldest son is Prince Charles. He has two sons from his marriage to Princess Diana. Charles is now married to Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall.
The Queen is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states and head of the 54 - member Commonwealth of Nations. According to the United Kingdom Constitution, Queen Elizabeth II is the head of all branches of public power. As a constitutional monarch, Her Majesty does not “rule” the country, but fulfills important ceremonial and formal roles with respect to Government. She is also the chief of the Armed Forces and has important relationships with the Churches of England and Scotland.
The queen works hard. She approves and signs every Parliament bill to make it law. She appoints the Prime Minister. The secret services respond to her, she signs all treaties, and she awards all the honors and recognitions of state. She visits many different countries and she welcomes hundreds of visitors to Buckingham Palace every year. She is Head of 620 charities. She also discusses politics with the Prime Minister every Tuesday.
Members of the Royal Family support the queen in her state and national duties, carry out important work in the areas of public and charitable service, and help to strengthen national unity and stability. Every year there are over 2,000 official engagements held by Royal Family. Members of the Royal Family often undertake official duties in the UK and abroad where the queen cannot be present in person. Their various responsibilities reflect tradition, their own personal interests and Britain’s former imperial status.
Questions:
1. Is Queen Elizabeth the fifty-third queen since King Alfred in the ninth century?
2. Who is Prince Philip?
3. What does the queen do every Tuesday?
4. How do members of the Royal Family support the queen in her many state and national duties?
5. How many official engagements held by Royal Family are there every year?
Вариант 2
I. Перепишите предложения, вставьте артикль, где необходимо и переведите на русский язык:
1. She is... clever girl.
2. We have …….large library at home.
3. This is …… orange. It is ….. my. orange. …… orange is delicious.
4.... secretary of our department has... new. computer.
5. My... mother goes to... work by... train.
II. Выпишите из текста шесть существительных в единственном числе и образуйте множественное число этих существительных.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык. Укажите, показателем, какой грамматической категории является конечная буква s в выделенных словах: признаком множественного числа имени существительного или показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.
1. Pete’s friends are on the farm now.
2. The student’s books are on that table.
3. The pencils are in Nina’s bag.
IV. Выпишите все числительные из текста и напишите их словами.
V. Перепишите следующие предложения, найдите в них местоимения и укажите, к какой группе они относятся: личные, притяжательные, указательные. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Your sister is young.
2. We like playing football.
3. Answer these questions, please.
VI. Выберите нужную форму глагола to be или to have, перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык. Затем составьте вопросительную и отрицательную формы
1. You... late today.
2. She... not at home now.
3. My friend... many interesting books.
4. His sister... a teacher of English at school.
5. Her brother... a farmer.
VII. Составьте три предложения, используя слова, данные в колонках, и переведите их на русский язык.
| There is | a park | in our town |
| There are | fifteen schools | in your hostel |
| a big hall | not far from our university |
VIII. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст контрольной работы на русский язык.
IX. Письменно ответьте по-английски на вопросы, следующие за текстом.
